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Physical Review A

Rydberg excitation spectrum of K40 ultracold Fermi gases

Donghao Li, Guoqi Bian, Jie Miao, Pengjun Wang, Zengming Meng, Liangchao Chen, Lianghui Huang, Jing Zhang

Published Jun 14, 2021• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the measurement of the Rydberg excitation spectrum by two-photon process in ultracold $^{40}\mathrm{K}$ Fermi gases. Two different methods are employed to measure the Rydberg excitation spectrum, depending on the power of the probe laser. One scheme is to reduce atomic losses by means of electromagnetically induced transparency. The other is to enhance the atomic losses by spontaneous avalanche ionization due to the strong Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. We verify the consistency of both of the methods. The highest Rydberg states detectable in our experiment are limited to $n\ensuremath{\le}62$ due to the competition between the long Rydberg blockade effective range and the limited atomic cloud size.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.103.063305

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Population dynamics in weakly excited clouds of ultracold 87Rb^{87}\text{R}\text{b}87Rb Rydberg atoms were studied by means of trap loss, fluorescence detection, and state-dependent stimulated emission. Rydberg atoms were excited to various nlnlnl Rydberg states via continuous two-photon excitation from a magneto-optical trap. A stimulated emission probe laser was then used to bring the Rydberg atoms down to the 6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state, allowing state-dependent detection of the Rydberg atoms. Measurements of trap loss and fluorescent emission reveal information about the evolution of the Rydberg populations. In particular, population in the initial Rydberg state quickly transfers to other Rydberg states by a noncollisional mechanism, likely superradiant emission. The trap-loss measurements are consistent with black-body ionization as the dominant loss mechanism.
Rydberg atoms possess highly excited valence electrons that are far away from atomic cations. Compared with ground states, Rydberg states are excited states with a high principal quantum number n that exhibit large electric dipole moments and have a variety of applications in quantum information processing. In this communication, we report the measurement of the 6Li Rydberg excitation spectrum by ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a vapor cell. The 2p→ns/nd EIT spectra were recorded by sweeping the frequency of an ultraviolet Rydberg pumping laser while keeping the probing laser resonant to the 2s→2p transition. All lasers were locked on an ultrastable optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and measured by an optical frequency comb. Our results provide valuable information to precisely determine quantum defects and enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases.
Summary form only given. Interactions between neutral atoms are generally weak, but exciting these atoms in a Rydberg state considerably enhances their interaction through a long-range dipole-dipole potential. An interesting application of this dipole-dipole interaction is the dipole blockade in Rydberg excitation. This effect offers exciting possibilities for manipulating quantum bits stored in a single collective excitations in mesoscopic ensembles, or for realizing scalable quantum logic gate. The dipole blockade effect has been demonstrated in atomic ensembles by different groups, and recently also with two independently trapped atoms, which shows the possibility of creating entangle states and quantum logic gates. To extend and continue these results with more atoms, a promising method is to use atoms trapped in an optical lattice in the Mott insulator phase. To excite atoms into a Rydberg state, and to control the interactions and the dipole blockade, a high resolution laser scheme is needed. We use a two-photon excitation scheme 5s1/2rarr 6p3/2rarr ns or nd. The first step, at 420 nm, is realized by doubling a MOPA laser, with the second step at ~ 1000 nm. Both lasers are locked to a Fabry-Perot cavity, and the total excitation bandwidth is less than 3 MHz. After the excitation into the Rydberg state, we apply a pulsed electric field to ionize and detect the Rydberg atoms with an ion detector. To characterize and improve the efficiency of our ion detection, we have explored the direct ionization of ultracold atoms in a magneto-optical trap, or in a Bose-Einstein condensate. This calibration will allows us to characterize precisely the Rydberg excitation and to monitor its time evolution. First results on the Rydberg excitation of ultracold atoms in dipole traps and optical lattices will be presented. The prospect for creating Rydberg excitations inside a Mott insulator will also be discussed.
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Ultracold cesium n S ( n =60–70) Rydberg atoms are prepared using the two-photon scheme in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The number of resonant Rydberg atoms is measured by the pulsed field ionization technique, and the dependences of the Rydberg signal on excitation duration and external DC electric field are investigated. The excitation dynamics and blockade effects due to long-range interactions are obtained. The effect of external electric field on Rydberg excitation is also investigated, and the experimental result shows an enhanced blockade with a weak external electric field.