Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Photonics

Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Spectra of 6Li Rydberg Atoms

Meimei Wu, Xin Bao, Shuxian Yu, Licheng Yi, Pingshuai Ren, Shujin Deng, Haibin Wu

Published Dec 12, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Rydberg atoms possess highly excited valence electrons that are far away from atomic cations. Compared with ground states, Rydberg states are excited states with a high principal quantum number n that exhibit large electric dipole moments and have a variety of applications in quantum information processing. In this communication, we report the measurement of the 6Li Rydberg excitation spectrum by ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a vapor cell. The 2p→ns/nd EIT spectra were recorded by sweeping the frequency of an ultraviolet Rydberg pumping laser while keeping the probing laser resonant to the 2s→2p transition. All lasers were locked on an ultrastable optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and measured by an optical frequency comb. Our results provide valuable information to precisely determine quantum defects and enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases.

DOI
10.3390/photonics10121367

Related papers

Probing nS/nD Rydberg States via 6P3/2 Intermediate Level Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in 87Rb

Donghao Li, Bo Xu, Keyu Qin +4 more

We perform precise measurements of the 87Rb Rydberg excitation spectrum by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder system. We utilize a two-photon excitation configuration with the probe and control lasers at 420 nm and 1013 nm, respectively. In this work, we employ 6P3/2,F′ = 3 as an intermediate state to excite the high-lying Rydberg states of the nS and nD series, with principal quantum numbers ranging from n=35 to n=70. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in this inverted level scheme (λp<λc), we apply a 100 kHz chopping to the control beam, which is followed by a demodulation operated with a lock-in amplifier. Additionally, we verify the ionization energies and determine the quantum defects for the nS and nD series, respectively. Our work offers a database for applications of large-scale quantum simulation and quantum computation with the 87Rb atom array.

Photonics•Feb 26, 2025•3 citations

High sensitivity spectroscopy of cesium Rydberg atoms using electromagnetically induced transparency

Jianming Zhao, Xingbo Zhu, Linjie Zhang +3 more

A high sensitivity spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms is presented by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 6S(1/2)-6P(3/2)-n D ladder-type system of cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The EIT spectra of 40 D Rydberg state are measured and the dependences of the EIT magnitude and linewidth on the coupling laser power are investigated in detail. The Rydberg EIT linewidth is measured to be about 5.6 MHz when the powers of probe and coupling lasers are 50 microW and 5.2 mW, respectively, and which is close to the natural linewidth of cesium atoms. The effect of double resonance optical pumping on EIT is also investigated. The fine structures of nD (n = 39-55) are measured and the experimental result is in agreement with quantum defect theory.

Optics Express•Aug 21, 2009•39 citations

Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in 40K ultracold Fermi gases

Guoqi Bian, Biao Shan, Lianghui Huang +1 more

We report the measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg states in ultracold 40 K Fermi gases, which is obtained through a two-photon process with the ladder scheme.Rydberg-EIT lines are obtained by measuring the atomic losses instead of the transmitted probe beam.Based on the laser frequency stabilization locking to the superstable cavity, we study the Rydberg-EIT line shapes for the 37s and 35d states.We experimentally demonstrate the significant change in the Rydberg-EIT spectrum by changing the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state (n = 37=52 and l = 0).Moreover, the transparency peak position shift is observed, which may be induced by the interaction of the Rydberg atoms.This work provides a platform to explore many interesting behaviors involving Rydberg states in ultracold Fermi gases.

Chinese Optics Letters•Jan 1, 2023•2 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency of Rydberg atoms in modulated laser fields

Yang Zhi-Wei, Jiao Yue-Chun, Xiaoxuan Han +2 more

Rydberg atoms, with large principal quantum number n, have been widely investigated in recent years due to their peculiar properties, such as big sizes, long lifetimes and strong interactions with fields and other Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external fields due to their large polarizabilities scaling as n7.These make Rydberg atoms an ideal candidate for the quantum information, the many-body interaction, etc.In this work, we investigate the Rydberg atoms using electromagneticlly induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder three-level system. The EIT is a quantum interference effect between two excitation path-ways driven by two laser fields. The main idea is performed in a room temperature cesium vapor cell, where the probe laser frequency is modulated. The ground state (6P1/2), excited state (6P3/2), and Rydberg state (nS1/2) constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which the probe laser is fixed to the 6S1/2 (F = 4)6P3/2 (F = 5) transition by saturated absorption spectrum technique, whereas the coupling laser is scanned across the 6P3/249S1/2 transition. We detect the demodulated EIT signal with the lock-in amplifier (SR830). The modulated EIT signal shows a two-peak structure. The measured spacing between two peaks increases with the frequency detuning, caused by the modulation amplitude, and half the spacing between the peak-to-peak is nearly 1.67 times the modulation amplitude of the probe laser; the measured result shows that the splitting is independent of the modulation frequency. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations. The results in our work can be used for real-time monitoring of the laser-line profiles and the fluctuation of laser frequency.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2016•2 citations

Electromagnetically induced transparency without a Doppler background in a multilevel ladder-type cesium atomic system

Baodong Yang, Jing Gao, Tiancai Zhang +1 more

We present an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) without Doppler background due to a locked probe laser. The EIT is theoretically studied based on a multilevel ladder-type cesium atomic system 6${S}_{1/2}$--6${P}_{3/2}$--8${S}_{1/2}$ in a room-temperature vapor cell. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations. Compared with the traditional EIT spectra with a Doppler profile limiting the spectral resolution for keeping the coupling laser locked and scanning the probe laser, these EIT spectra with the probe laser locked and the coupling laser scanned have a flat background, which seem be of great benefit for applications such as the measurement of hyperfine intervals between excited states, the study of highly excited Rydberg states, laser-frequency stabilization, etc.

Physical Review A•Jan 21, 2011•30 citations

Two-photon radio frequency spectroscopy of 49S Rydberg state

Li Jing-Kui, Yang Wen-Guang, Zhenfei Song +4 more

Rydberg atoms, with large principal quantum number, exhibit certain properties, such as long lifetimes and strong interactions with fields and other atoms, which have been extensively investigated recently. One of the properties is the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of Rydberg ladder system, which can be used to measure the radio frequency (RF) field with high sensitivity. In this paper, we investigate the quantum coherent effect of cesium Rydberg atom in a three-level ladder system involving the ground state (6S1/2), the excited state (6P3/2) and 49S1/2 Rydberg state in room temperature vapor cell. The probe laser (852 nm) drives the transition of 6S1/2(F=4)→6P3/2(F'=5), while the coupling laser (510 nm) couples the Rydberg transition of 6P3/2 (F'=5)→nS1/2. A typical electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum is obtained when the weak probe laser is scanned through the transition of 6S1/2(F=4)→6P3/2(F'=5) and the coupling laser tuning to Rydberg transition. The two-photon RF spectra are observed when the RF field with a frequency of ～16.9 GHz couples the Rydberg transition of 49S1/2→47D3/2, where the EIT signal is split into two EIT peaks due to the interaction between the RF field and Rydberg atoms. The dependences of EIT splitting on the power of RF field are investigated. The results show that the EIT splitting increases with the power of RF field, which can inversely be used to measure the RF field with a higher spatial resolution in the future.

Acta Physica Sinica•Jan 1, 2015•6 citations
Rydberg atoms possess highly excited valence electrons that are far away from atomic cations. Compared with ground states, Rydberg states are excited states with a high principal quantum number n that exhibit large electric dipole moments and have a variety of applications in quantum information processing. In this communication, we report the measurement of the 6Li Rydberg excitation spectrum by ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a vapor cell. The 2p→ns/nd EIT spectra were recorded by sweeping the frequency of an ultraviolet Rydberg pumping laser while keeping the probing laser resonant to the 2s→2p transition. All lasers were locked on an ultrastable optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and measured by an optical frequency comb. Our results provide valuable information to precisely determine quantum defects and enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases.
We perform precise measurements of the 87Rb Rydberg excitation spectrum by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder system. We utilize a two-photon excitation configuration with the probe and control lasers at 420 nm and 1013 nm, respectively. In this work, we employ 6P3/2,F′ = 3 as an intermediate state to excite the high-lying Rydberg states of the nS and nD series, with principal quantum numbers ranging from n=35 to n=70. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in this inverted level scheme (λp<λc), we apply a 100 kHz chopping to the control beam, which is followed by a demodulation operated with a lock-in amplifier. Additionally, we verify the ionization energies and determine the quantum defects for the nS and nD series, respectively. Our work offers a database for applications of large-scale quantum simulation and quantum computation with the 87Rb atom array.
A high sensitivity spectroscopy of Rydberg atoms is presented by using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the 6S(1/2)-6P(3/2)-n D ladder-type system of cesium vapor cell at room temperature. The EIT spectra of 40 D Rydberg state are measured and the dependences of the EIT magnitude and linewidth on the coupling laser power are investigated in detail. The Rydberg EIT linewidth is measured to be about 5.6 MHz when the powers of probe and coupling lasers are 50 microW and 5.2 mW, respectively, and which is close to the natural linewidth of cesium atoms. The effect of double resonance optical pumping on EIT is also investigated. The fine structures of nD (n = 39-55) are measured and the experimental result is in agreement with quantum defect theory.
We report the measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg states in ultracold 40 K Fermi gases, which is obtained through a two-photon process with the ladder scheme.Rydberg-EIT lines are obtained by measuring the atomic losses instead of the transmitted probe beam.Based on the laser frequency stabilization locking to the superstable cavity, we study the Rydberg-EIT line shapes for the 37s and 35d states.We experimentally demonstrate the significant change in the Rydberg-EIT spectrum by changing the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state (n = 37=52 and l = 0).Moreover, the transparency peak position shift is observed, which may be induced by the interaction of the Rydberg atoms.This work provides a platform to explore many interesting behaviors involving Rydberg states in ultracold Fermi gases.
Rydberg atoms, with large principal quantum number n, have been widely investigated in recent years due to their peculiar properties, such as big sizes, long lifetimes and strong interactions with fields and other Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external fields due to their large polarizabilities scaling as n7.These make Rydberg atoms an ideal candidate for the quantum information, the many-body interaction, etc.In this work, we investigate the Rydberg atoms using electromagneticlly induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder three-level system. The EIT is a quantum interference effect between two excitation path-ways driven by two laser fields. The main idea is performed in a room temperature cesium vapor cell, where the probe laser frequency is modulated. The ground state (6P1/2), excited state (6P3/2), and Rydberg state (nS1/2) constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which the probe laser is fixed to the 6S1/2 (F = 4)6P3/2 (F = 5) transition by saturated absorption spectrum technique, whereas the coupling laser is scanned across the 6P3/249S1/2 transition. We detect the demodulated EIT signal with the lock-in amplifier (SR830). The modulated EIT signal shows a two-peak structure. The measured spacing between two peaks increases with the frequency detuning, caused by the modulation amplitude, and half the spacing between the peak-to-peak is nearly 1.67 times the modulation amplitude of the probe laser; the measured result shows that the splitting is independent of the modulation frequency. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations. The results in our work can be used for real-time monitoring of the laser-line profiles and the fluctuation of laser frequency.
We present an investigation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) without Doppler background due to a locked probe laser. The EIT is theoretically studied based on a multilevel ladder-type cesium atomic system 6S1/2{S}_{1/2}S1/2​--6P3/2{P}_{3/2}P3/2​--8S1/2{S}_{1/2}S1/2​ in a room-temperature vapor cell. The experimental results agree with the theoretical calculations. Compared with the traditional EIT spectra with a Doppler profile limiting the spectral resolution for keeping the coupling laser locked and scanning the probe laser, these EIT spectra with the probe laser locked and the coupling laser scanned have a flat background, which seem be of great benefit for applications such as the measurement of hyperfine intervals between excited states, the study of highly excited Rydberg states, laser-frequency stabilization, etc.
Rydberg atoms, with large principal quantum number, exhibit certain properties, such as long lifetimes and strong interactions with fields and other atoms, which have been extensively investigated recently. One of the properties is the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of Rydberg ladder system, which can be used to measure the radio frequency (RF) field with high sensitivity. In this paper, we investigate the quantum coherent effect of cesium Rydberg atom in a three-level ladder system involving the ground state (6S1/2), the excited state (6P3/2) and 49S1/2 Rydberg state in room temperature vapor cell. The probe laser (852 nm) drives the transition of 6S1/2(F=4)→6P3/2(F'=5), while the coupling laser (510 nm) couples the Rydberg transition of 6P3/2 (F'=5)→nS1/2. A typical electromagnetically induced transparency spectrum is obtained when the weak probe laser is scanned through the transition of 6S1/2(F=4)→6P3/2(F'=5) and the coupling laser tuning to Rydberg transition. The two-photon RF spectra are observed when the RF field with a frequency of ～16.9 GHz couples the Rydberg transition of 49S1/2→47D3/2, where the EIT signal is split into two EIT peaks due to the interaction between the RF field and Rydberg atoms. The dependences of EIT splitting on the power of RF field are investigated. The results show that the EIT splitting increases with the power of RF field, which can inversely be used to measure the RF field with a higher spatial resolution in the future.