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Chinese Optics Letters

Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency in 40K ultracold Fermi gases

Guoqi Bian, Biao Shan, Lianghui Huang, Jing Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg states in ultracold 40 K Fermi gases, which is obtained through a two-photon process with the ladder scheme.Rydberg-EIT lines are obtained by measuring the atomic losses instead of the transmitted probe beam.Based on the laser frequency stabilization locking to the superstable cavity, we study the Rydberg-EIT line shapes for the 37s and 35d states.We experimentally demonstrate the significant change in the Rydberg-EIT spectrum by changing the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state (n = 37=52 and l = 0).Moreover, the transparency peak position shift is observed, which may be induced by the interaction of the Rydberg atoms.This work provides a platform to explore many interesting behaviors involving Rydberg states in ultracold Fermi gases.

DOI
10.3788/col202321.100201

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We report the measurement of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with Rydberg states in ultracold 40 K Fermi gases, which is obtained through a two-photon process with the ladder scheme.Rydberg-EIT lines are obtained by measuring the atomic losses instead of the transmitted probe beam.Based on the laser frequency stabilization locking to the superstable cavity, we study the Rydberg-EIT line shapes for the 37s and 35d states.We experimentally demonstrate the significant change in the Rydberg-EIT spectrum by changing the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state (n = 37=52 and l = 0).Moreover, the transparency peak position shift is observed, which may be induced by the interaction of the Rydberg atoms.This work provides a platform to explore many interesting behaviors involving Rydberg states in ultracold Fermi gases.
Rydberg atoms possess highly excited valence electrons that are far away from atomic cations. Compared with ground states, Rydberg states are excited states with a high principal quantum number n that exhibit large electric dipole moments and have a variety of applications in quantum information processing. In this communication, we report the measurement of the 6Li Rydberg excitation spectrum by ladder-type electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a vapor cell. The 2p→ns/nd EIT spectra were recorded by sweeping the frequency of an ultraviolet Rydberg pumping laser while keeping the probing laser resonant to the 2s→2p transition. All lasers were locked on an ultrastable optical Fabry-Pérot cavity and measured by an optical frequency comb. Our results provide valuable information to precisely determine quantum defects and enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases.
We report the measurement of the Rydberg excitation spectrum by two-photon process in ultracold 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K Fermi gases. Two different methods are employed to measure the Rydberg excitation spectrum, depending on the power of the probe laser. One scheme is to reduce atomic losses by means of electromagnetically induced transparency. The other is to enhance the atomic losses by spontaneous avalanche ionization due to the strong Rydberg-Rydberg interactions. We verify the consistency of both of the methods. The highest Rydberg states detectable in our experiment are limited to $n\ensuremath{\le}62$ due to the competition between the long Rydberg blockade effective range and the limited atomic cloud size.
Rydberg atoms, with large principal quantum number n, have been widely investigated in recent years due to their peculiar properties, such as big sizes, long lifetimes and strong interactions with fields and other Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms are very sensitive to external fields due to their large polarizabilities scaling as n7.These make Rydberg atoms an ideal candidate for the quantum information, the many-body interaction, etc.In this work, we investigate the Rydberg atoms using electromagneticlly induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder three-level system. The EIT is a quantum interference effect between two excitation path-ways driven by two laser fields. The main idea is performed in a room temperature cesium vapor cell, where the probe laser frequency is modulated. The ground state (6P1/2), excited state (6P3/2), and Rydberg state (nS1/2) constitute a Rydberg three-level system, in which the probe laser is fixed to the 6S1/2 (F = 4)6P3/2 (F = 5) transition by saturated absorption spectrum technique, whereas the coupling laser is scanned across the 6P3/249S1/2 transition. We detect the demodulated EIT signal with the lock-in amplifier (SR830). The modulated EIT signal shows a two-peak structure. The measured spacing between two peaks increases with the frequency detuning, caused by the modulation amplitude, and half the spacing between the peak-to-peak is nearly 1.67 times the modulation amplitude of the probe laser; the measured result shows that the splitting is independent of the modulation frequency. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical calculations. The results in our work can be used for real-time monitoring of the laser-line profiles and the fluctuation of laser frequency.
We develop a general theory to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in ultracold quantum gases, applicable for both Bose and Fermi gases with an arbitrary interparticle interaction strength. We show that, in the weak probe field limit, the EIT spectrum is solely determined by the single-particle Green's function of the ground-state atoms, and reflects interesting quantum many-body effects when atoms are virtually coupled to the low-lying Rydberg states. As an example, we apply our theory to a one-dimensional Luttinger liquid, a Bose-Mott insulator state, and the superfluid state of two-component Fermi gases, and show how the many-body features can be observed nondestructively in the unconventional EIT spectrum.
We develop a general theory to study the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in ultracold quantum gases, applicable for both Bose and Fermi gases with arbitrary inter-particle interaction strength. We show that, in the weak probe field limit, the EIT spectrum is solely determined by the single particle Green's function of the ground state atoms, and reflects interesting quantum many-body effects when atoms are virtually coupled to the low-lying Rydberg states. As an example, we apply our theory to 1D Luttinger liquid, Bose-Mott insulator state, and the superfluid state of two-component Fermi gases, and show how the many-body features can be observed non-destructively in the unconventional EIT spectrum.
We perform spectroscopic measurements of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a strongly interacting Rydberg gas. We observe a significant spectral shift and attenuation of the transparency resonance due to the presence of interactions between Rydberg atoms. We characterize the attenuation as the result of an effective dephasing and show that the shift and the dephasing rate increase versus atomic density, probe Rabi frequency, and principal quantum number of Rydberg states. Moreover, we find that the spectral shift is reduced if the size of a Gaussian atomic cloud is increased and that the dephasing rate increases with the EIT pulse duration at large-parameter regimes. We simulate our experiment with a semianalytical model, which yields results in good agreement with our experimental data.