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Computers, materials & continua/Computers, materials & continua (Print)

Analysis and Improvement of Steganography Protocol Based on Bell States in Noise Environment

Zhiguo Qu, Shengyao Wu, Le Sun, Xiaojun Wang

Published Jan 1, 2019• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the field of quantum communication, quantum steganography is an important branch of quantum information hiding. In a realistic quantum communication system, quantum noises are unavoidable and will seriously impact the safe... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
DOI
10.32604/cmc.2019.02656

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Several approaches and techniques exist to make communication via the internet secure, one of these approaches is steganography. Computer steganography is a technique used to conceal data within cover media, ensuring that its presence remains undetected by others. We investigate the steganography potential applications in quantum communication and assess its benefits in the context of secret information transmission. Quantum computers, built on the principles of quantum physics, have introduced new possibilities for researchers in security and computer science. This paper explores the possibilities of realizing a quantum steganography communication, the challenges and its achievements of quantum steganography to tackle a wide range of security and privacy challenges. The article deals with the steganography system which hides text inside images and after that realize quantum communication. The secret message is hidden in the cover image using Least Significant Bit (LSB) algorithm. The paper proposes an information transmission scheme with a quantum channel enabled and visualization of quantum steganography protocol.
Since the good application of quantum mechanism in the field of communication, quantum secure communication has become a research hotspot. The existing quantum secure communication protocols usually assume that the quantum channel is noise-free. But the inevitable quantum noise in quantum channel will greatly interferes the transmission of quantum bits or quantum states, seriously damaging the security and reliability of the quantum system. This paper analyzes and discusses the performance of a χ state based steganography protocol under four main quantum noises, i.e., Amplitude Damping (AD), Phase damping (Phs), Bit Flip (BF) and Depolarizing (D). The results show that the protocol is least affected by amplitude damping noise when only the sender's first transmission in quantum channel is affected by quantum noise. Then, we analyze the performance of the protocol when both the sender's two transmissions are affected by quantum noise, and find that the specific combination of different noises will increase the performance of the protocol in quantum noisy channel. This means that an extra quantum noise can be intentionally added to quantum channel according to the noise intensity, so that the protocol can improve performance under the influence of quantum noises. Finally, the detailed mathematical analysis proves the conclusions.
Steganography is the art and science of hiding the fact that communication is taking place. Steganographic systems can hide messages inside of images or other digital objects. To a casual observer inspecting these images, the messages are invisible. The security of a classical steganographic system relies on the secrecy of the encoding system. Once the encoding system is known, the steganographic system is defeated. However, modern steganography should be detectable only if secret information is known, namely, asecret key. Because of their invasive nature, steganographic systems leave detectable traces within a medium's characteristics. This allows an eavesdropper to detect modified media, revealing that secret communication is taking place. Although the secret content is not exposed, its existence is revealed, which defeats the mainpurpose of steganography. This work has as purpose to expand the field of applicability of the steganography from the classical informatics to the quantum one.
Steganography is the technique of hiding secret information by embedding it in a seemingly ``innocent'' message. We present protocols for hiding quantum information by disguising it as noise in a codeword of a quantum error-correcting code. The sender (Alice) swaps quantum information into the codeword and applies a random choice of unitary operation, drawing on a secret random key she shares with the receiver (Bob). Using the key, Bob can retrieve the information, but an eavesdropper (Eve) with the power to monitor the channel, but without the secret key, cannot distinguish the message from channel noise. We consider two types of protocols: one in which the hidden quantum information is stored locally in the codeword, and another in which it is embedded in the space of error syndromes. We analyze how difficult it is for Eve to detect the presence of secret messages, and estimate rates of steganographic communication and secret key consumption for specific protocols and examples of error channels. We consider both the case where there is no actual noise in the channel (so that all errors in the codeword result from the deliberate actions of Alice), and the case where the channel is noisy and not controlled by Alice and Bob.
Quantum steganography is the art of hiding secret information in an insecure quantum channel. Recently, it is proposed a quantum steganography protocol based on the tensor product of Bell states to transmit classical 4-bit secret message per round. However, it has permits a small hidden capacity. In this work, an improvement of that quantum steganography protocol to transmit 8-bit secret message per round is proposed. The improved protocol uses tensor product of Bell states and unitary transformations with two groups of sixteen tensor products of two Bell states rather than 256 elements of tensor product of four Bell states. Simulations conducted shows that the improved protocol has superior performance in terms of imperceptibility as well as high security compared with the competitive protocol.