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DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering

Improvement of Quantum Steganography Protocol Based on the Tensor Product of Bell States

Li Li, Bassem Abd-El-Atty, Mohammed A. Amin, Ahmed A. Abd El‐Latif

Published Jun 21, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum steganography is the art of hiding secret information in an insecure quantum channel. Recently, it is proposed a quantum steganography protocol based on the tensor product of Bell states to transmit classical 4-bit secret message per round. However, it has permits a small hidden capacity. In this work, an improvement of that quantum steganography protocol to transmit 8-bit secret message per round is proposed. The improved protocol uses tensor product of Bell states and unitary transformations with two groups of sixteen tensor products of two Bell states rather than 256 elements of tensor product of four Bell states. Simulations conducted shows that the improved protocol has superior performance in terms of imperceptibility as well as high security compared with the competitive protocol.

DOI
10.12783/dtcse/mcsse2016/10936

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Quantum steganography is the art of hiding secret information in an insecure quantum channel. Recently, it is proposed a quantum steganography protocol based on the tensor product of Bell states to transmit classical 4-bit secret message per round. However, it has permits a small hidden capacity. In this work, an improvement of that quantum steganography protocol to transmit 8-bit secret message per round is proposed. The improved protocol uses tensor product of Bell states and unitary transformations with two groups of sixteen tensor products of two Bell states rather than 256 elements of tensor product of four Bell states. Simulations conducted shows that the improved protocol has superior performance in terms of imperceptibility as well as high security compared with the competitive protocol.
Quantum steganography that utilizes the quantum mechanical effect to achieve the purpose of information hiding is a popular topic of quantum information. Recently, El Allati et al. proposed a new quantum steganography using the GHZ 4 state. Since all of the 8 groups of unitary transformations used in the secret message encoding rule change the GHZ 4 state into 6 instead of 8 different quantum states when the global phase is not considered, we point out that a 2-bit instead of a 3-bit secret message can be encoded by one group of the given unitary transformations. To encode a 3-bit secret message by performing a group of unitary transformations on the GHZ 4 state, we give another 8 groups of unitary transformations that can change the GHZ 4 state into 8 different quantum states. Due to the symmetry of the GHZ 4 state, all the possible 16 groups of unitary transformations change the GHZ 4 state into 8 different quantum states, so the improved protocol achieves a high efficiency.
Quantum steganography is the art of hiding the fact that communications, which transmit the secret message in an insecure quantum channel, are occurring. This paper presents a novel quantum steganography protocol based on probability measurements for transmitting n qubits secret message in an insecure quantum channel. In the protocol, senders embed the secret message into the cover data by POVM measurements. Then, receivers can correctly extract the secret message and recover the cover data with a certain probability by selecting two sets of appropriate protective measurement operators to act projective measurements, respectively. More importantly, the existence of the secret message has no influence on the cover data. In addition, the security of our protocol does not rely on other protocols. The paper analyzes the secrecy and the security in detail.
In this paper, a quantum steganography protocol based on Brown entangled states is proposed. The new protocol adopts the CNOT operation to achieve the transmission of secret information by the best use of the characteristics of entangled states. Comparing with the previous quantum steganography algorithms, the new protocol focuses on its anti-noise capability for phase-flip noises, which proved its good security resisting on quantum noise. Furthermore, the covert communication of secret information in the quantum secure direct communication channel would not affect the normal information transmission process due to the new protocol's good imperceptibility. If the number of Brown states transmitted in cover protocol is many enough, the imperceptibility of the secret channel can be further enhanced. In aspect of capacity, the new protocol can further expand its capacity by combining with other quantum steganography protocols. Because the proposed protocol does not require the participation of the classic channel when it implements the transmission of secret information, it does not cause any additional information leakage and has good security. The detailed theoretical analysis shows the conclusions that the new protocol has good performance on imperceptibility, capacity and security.
In this paper,a novel quantum steganography protocol via cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED)is proposed by using the evolution law of atom in cavity QED,whose hidden capacity is as high as four bits.The proposed protocol builds up a hidden channel to transmit secret messages through the entanglement swapping of any two Bell states in cavity QED.The proposed protocol not only needs no multiparticle quantum entangled state as the quantum resource,but also involves no entanglement swapping or quantum measurement about multiparticle quantum entangled state.Analysis shows that the proposed protocol is able to resist the intercept-resend attack,the measure-resend attack and the entanglemeasure attack,so it has good security.
A quantum steganography communication scheme via Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger GHZ 4 state is constructed to investigate the possibility of remotely transferred hidden information. Moreover, the multipartite entangled states are become a hectic topic due to its important applications and deep effects on aspects of quantum information. Then, the scheme consists of sharing the correlation of four particle GHZ 4 states between the legitimate users. After insuring the security of the quantum channel, they begin to hide the secret information in the cover of message. Comparing the scheme with the previous quantum steganographies, capacity and imperceptibility of hidden message are good. The security of the present scheme against many attacks is also discussed.
Many people use the internet for communication, but there is a problem with protecting their information. To ward off the attackers, they need secure communication such as cryptography and steganography techniques. To maintain the security of information, improving the technology of steganography is necessary. In this paper, we propose a novel method to create the secret quantum text steganography more difficult for attackers to intercept. Firstly, the proposed method generates a secret message as a binary string by combining the secret key of the BB84 protocol and message. Then, the secret message is embedded in the first character of each line in the cover text. In the cover text, the first character of each line is changed to the case of the specific character, such as uppercase or lowercase, according to the secret message to be hidden. The cover text uses the English language. Experimental results describe the effectiveness of the proposed method for hiding data within the cover text while maintaining a high level of security. The proposed model is able to secure data transmission because it was difficult for the attacker to reveal or intercept data.