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Journal of Optoelectronics·laser

Quantum steganography in cavity QED based on the entanglement swapping of any two Bell states

YE Tian-y

Published Jan 1, 2014• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper,a novel quantum steganography protocol via cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED)is proposed by using the evolution law of atom in cavity QED,whose hidden capacity is as high as four bits.The proposed protocol builds up a hidden channel to transmit secret messages through the entanglement swapping of any two Bell states in cavity QED.The proposed protocol not only needs no multiparticle quantum entangled state as the quantum resource,but also involves no entanglement swapping or quantum measurement about multiparticle quantum entangled state.Analysis shows that the proposed protocol is able to resist the intercept-resend attack,the measure-resend attack and the entanglemeasure attack,so it has good security.

Related papers

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Quantum Private Comparison via Cavity QED*

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Abstract The first quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol via cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) is proposed in this paper by making full use of the evolution law of atom via cavity QED, where the third party (TP) is allowed to misbehave on his own but cannot conspire with either of the two users. The proposed protocol adopts two-atom product states rather than entangled states as the initial quantum resource, and only needs single-atom measurements for two users. Both the unitary operations and the quantum entanglement swapping operation are not necessary for the proposed protocol. The proposed protocol can compare the equality of one bit from each user in each round comparison with one two-atom product state. The proposed protocol can resist both the outside attack and the participant attack. Particularly, it can prevent TP from knowing two users’ secrets. Furthermore, the qubit efficiency of the proposed protocol is as high as 50%.

arXiv:2205.04011•Communications in Theoretical Physics•Feb 1, 2017•43 citations
In this paper,a novel quantum steganography protocol via cavity quantum electrodynamics(QED)is proposed by using the evolution law of atom in cavity QED,whose hidden capacity is as high as four bits.The proposed protocol builds up a hidden channel to transmit secret messages through the entanglement swapping of any two Bell states in cavity QED.The proposed protocol not only needs no multiparticle quantum entangled state as the quantum resource,but also involves no entanglement swapping or quantum measurement about multiparticle quantum entangled state.Analysis shows that the proposed protocol is able to resist the intercept-resend attack,the measure-resend attack and the entanglemeasure attack,so it has good security.
A large payload quantum steganography protocol based on cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) is presented in this paper, which effectively uses the evolutionary law of atoms in cavity QED. The protocol builds up a hidden channel to transmit secret messages using entanglement swapping between one GHZ state and one Bell state in cavity QED together with the Hadamard operation. The quantum steganography protocol is insensitive to cavity decay and the thermal field. The capacity, imperceptibility and security against eavesdropping are analyzed in detail in the protocol. It turns out that the protocol not only has good imperceptibility but also possesses good security against eavesdropping. In addition, its capacity for a hidden channel achieves five bits, larger than most of the previous quantum steganography protocols.
Good security is indispensable to any quantum secret communication protocol.However, information leakage has been a great security threat to quantum dialogue.In order to solve the problem,aquantum dialogue protocol without information leakage via cavity QED was proposed, which made full use of the evolution law of atoms in cavity QED.The proposed quantum dialogue protocol avoided the information leakage problem by using the measurement correlation property after entanglement swapping between two Bell states via cavity QED,and could securely exchange 4 bits secret messages per round communication.The results show that the proposed protocol is able to detect the active attacks from the outside eavesdropper through security checking,such as the intercept-resend attack,the measurement-resend attack and the entanglement-and-measurement attack.Therefore,it has good security towards both the information leakage problem and the active attacks from the outside eavesdropper.
A quantum steganography protocol with a large payload is proposed based on the dense coding and the entanglement swapping of the Greenberger—Horne—Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Its super quantum channel is formed by building up a hidden channel within the original quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) scheme. Based on the original QSDC, secret messages are transmitted by integrating the dense coding and the entanglement swapping of the GHZ states. The capacity of the super quantum channel achieves six bits per round covert communication, much higher than the previous quantum steganography protocols. Its imperceptibility is good, since the information and the secret messages can be regarded to be random or pseudo-random. Moreover, its security is proved to be reliable.
Using entanglement swapping of high-level Bell states, we first derive a covert layer between the secret message and the possible output results of the entanglement swapping between any two generalized Bell states, and then propose a novel high-efficiency quantum information hiding protocol based on the covert layer. In the proposed scheme, a covert channel can be built up under the cover of a high-level quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) channel for securely transmitting secret messages without consuming any auxiliary quantum state or any extra communication resource. It is shown that this protocol not only has a high embedding efficiency but also achieves a good imperceptibility as well as a high security.
Quantum steganography is the art of hiding secret information in an insecure quantum channel. Recently, it is proposed a quantum steganography protocol based on the tensor product of Bell states to transmit classical 4-bit secret message per round. However, it has permits a small hidden capacity. In this work, an improvement of that quantum steganography protocol to transmit 8-bit secret message per round is proposed. The improved protocol uses tensor product of Bell states and unitary transformations with two groups of sixteen tensor products of two Bell states rather than 256 elements of tensor product of four Bell states. Simulations conducted shows that the improved protocol has superior performance in terms of imperceptibility as well as high security compared with the competitive protocol.
Abstract The first quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol via cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) is proposed in this paper by making full use of the evolution law of atom via cavity QED, where the third party (TP) is allowed to misbehave on his own but cannot conspire with either of the two users. The proposed protocol adopts two-atom product states rather than entangled states as the initial quantum resource, and only needs single-atom measurements for two users. Both the unitary operations and the quantum entanglement swapping operation are not necessary for the proposed protocol. The proposed protocol can compare the equality of one bit from each user in each round comparison with one two-atom product state. The proposed protocol can resist both the outside attack and the participant attack. Particularly, it can prevent TP from knowing two users’ secrets. Furthermore, the qubit efficiency of the proposed protocol is as high as 50%.