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Applied Physics Express

Broadband flux-pumped Josephson parametric amplifier with an on-chip coplanar waveguide impedance transformer

Peng Duan, Zhi-Long Jia, Chi Zhang, Lei Du, Haoran Tao, Xinxin Yang, Liang-Liang Guo, Yong Chen, Haifeng Zhang, Zhihao Peng, Weicheng Kong, Hai-Ou Li, Gang Cao, Guo‐Ping Guo

Published Mar 18, 2021• 27 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The rapid progress towards scalable quantum processors demands amplifiers with large bandwidths and high saturation powers. For this purpose, we present a broadband flux-pumped Josephson parametric amplifier integrated with an on-chip coplanar waveguide impedance transformer. Our device can be fabricated with simple and straightforward photo-lithography. This device experimentally achieves an operational bandwidth over 600 MHz with a gain above 15 dB, and a high saturation power with quantum-limited noise performance. In addition, the center frequency of this device can be tuned over several hundred megahertz, which in turn broadens the effective operational bandwidth to around 1 GHz.

DOI
10.35848/1882-0786/abf029

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Abstract The rapid progress towards scalable quantum processors demands amplifiers with large bandwidths and high saturation powers. For this purpose, we present a broadband flux-pumped Josephson parametric amplifier integrated with an on-chip coplanar waveguide impedance transformer. Our device can be fabricated with simple and straightforward photo-lithography. This device experimentally achieves an operational bandwidth over 600 MHz with a gain above 15 dB, and a high saturation power with quantum-limited noise performance. In addition, the center frequency of this device can be tuned over several hundred megahertz, which in turn broadens the effective operational bandwidth to around 1 GHz.
Quantum-limited Josephson parametric amplifiers play a pivotal role in advancing the field of circuit quantum electrodynamics by enabling the fast and high-fidelity measurement of weak microwave signals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop robust parametric amplifiers with low noise, broad bandwidth, and reduced design complexity for microwave detection. However, current broadband parametric amplifiers either have degraded noise performance or rely on complex designs. Here, we present a device based on the broadband impedance-transformed Josephson parametric amplifier that integrates a hornlike coplanar waveguide transmission line, which significantly decreases the design and fabrication complexity while keeping comparable performance. The device shows an instantaneous bandwidth of 700 (200) MHz for 15 (20) dB gain with an average input saturation power of −110 dBm and near quantum-limited added noise. The operating frequency can be tuned over 1.4 GHz using an external flux bias. We further demonstrate the negligible backaction from our device on a transmon qubit. The amplification performance and simplicity of our device promise its wide adaptation in quantum metrology, quantum communication, and quantum information processing. Published by the American Physical Society 2024
Broadband quantum-limited amplifiers play a critical role in the single-shot readout of superconducting qubits, but a popular implementation, the traveling wave parametric amplifier, involves a complex design and fabrication process. Here, we present a simple design for a Josephson parametric amplifier, using a lumped element resonator comprising a superconducting quantum interference device whose useful bandwidth is enhanced with an on-chip impedance-matching circuit. We demonstrate a flux-coupling geometry that maximizes the coupling to the Josephson loop and minimizes spurious excitation of the amplifier resonant circuit. The amplifier, which operates in a flux-pumped mode, is demonstrated with a power gain of more than 20 dB over a bandwidth of about 300 MHz, where approximate noise measurements indicate quantum-limited performance. A procedure is given for optimizing the bandwidth for this kind of amplifier, using a linearized circuit simulation while minimizing non-linearities.
We demonstrate a lumped-element Josephson parametric amplifier, using a single-ended design that includes an on-chip, high-bandwidth flux bias line. The amplifier can be pumped into its region of parametric gain through either the input port or through the flux bias line. Broadband amplification is achieved at a tunable frequency ω/2π between 5 and 7 GHz with quantum-limited noise performance, a gain-bandwidth product greater than 500 MHz, and an input saturation power in excess of −120 dBm. The bias line allows fast frequency tuning of the amplifier, with variations of hundreds of MHz over time scales shorter than 10 ns.
In the work on superconducting parametric amplifiers, the frequency band below one gigahertz is calling for systematic improvements. Despite a prospect for ultralow added noise, bandwidth limitations have slowed down the integration of such amplifiers into sub-GHz experiments demanding fast (<1 μ< 1\, \mu<1μs) readout speeds. Here, we study the impedance engineering of a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) at 600 MHz. We propose, simulate and experimentally demonstrate a partially reconfigurable impedance transformer. The transformer enhances the JPA bandwidth to a state-of-the-art value of 10 MHz at 20 dB gain. Our amplifier has immediate applications in the readout of cryogenic sensors and in the reflectometry of quantum dots for spin qubit quantum computing.
We designed and fabricated an impedance-matched Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) working in the flux-pump mode for the broadband amplification of microwave signals. A simple fabrication method suitable for a small cleanroom was developed. We also studied the phase response, as well as the gain, as a function of signal frequency and pump power at various pump frequencies. The phase response can be explained with the behavior of the nonlinear Duffing oscillator. The observed decrease of the resonance frequency as the pump power increases, as well as the emergence of an unstable bifurcation zone, are the characteristic nonlinear behavior of the Duffing oscillator. The features of the gain profile in the stable zone can be explained with a model adapted from the theoretical model for the two-dimensional gain profile of an impedance-matched, current-pumped JPA. Over 17 dB gain with a bandwidth more than 300 MHz (centered around 6.45 GHz) was observed. Our impedance-matched JPA is used for improving the fast readout fidelity of transmon qubits.