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Quantum Computing, Communication, and Simulation

Quantum aggregated networks

William J. Munro, Nicoló Lo Piparo, Michael Hanks, Kae Nemoto

Published Mar 4, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It is now widely accepted that a future quantum internet will be developed supporting a wide variety of applications. The efficiency (and even viability) of such a internet will be highly dependent on how we move information around it. We discuss various routing options and show these impose quite different constraints on the fundamental building blocks of those networks. Introducing the concepts of quantum multiplexing and quantum network aggregation we show how communication maybe possible between two users on that network even when there are insufficient resources to allow such information to be transmitted over individual routes.

DOI
10.1117/12.2577957

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It is now widely accepted that a future quantum internet will be developed supporting a wide variety of applications. The efficiency (and even viability) of such a internet will be highly dependent on how we move information around it. We discuss various routing options and show these impose quite different constraints on the fundamental building blocks of those networks. Introducing the concepts of quantum multiplexing and quantum network aggregation we show how communication maybe possible between two users on that network even when there are insufficient resources to allow such information to be transmitted over individual routes.
It is now widely accepted that a global quantum internet will be developed in the future with many of the essential elements already demonstrated in the laboratory. We are at the stage where many of these elements are being integrated together, however the communities focus has been on small scale networks whose topology makes the of routing of quantum signals quite forward. Moving forward we need to explore how routing will work on this larger scale quantum networks especially when the networks entire topology is not known to all users of that network. We will discuss various routing options that are available and show these impose quite different constraints on the fundamental building blocks of the network. This will be illustrated with a number of examples including several with no classical analog.
Tomorrows future quantum-internet will need to support a wide range of operations including those arising from quantum-communication, distributed quantum computation and quantum remote sensing tasks. Such applications require the transmission of quantum information across the network where channel losses are a serious problem. Here we introduce the concept of quantum multiplexing to reduce the severity of this issue where multiple-qubits of information are encoded onto each transmitted photon. We will show how one not only saves on the number of photons needed but also on the physical resources required within the network nodes. We will discuss the implementations of quantum multiplexing in various networking applications.
Quantum communication will be at the heart of many future quantum technologies providing the foundation to for them to coherently interact. Here we introduce the concepts of quantum multiplexing and aggregation for use in such quantum communication related tasks. Quantum multiplexing involves encoding multiple-qubits of information onto each transmitted photon and allows us to significantly reduce the effect channel losses have within those tasks. Next quantum aggregation allows quantum messages to be divided and transmitted in a coherent way over different paths when resources in given paths are limited. We will discuss potential implementations and the resources required.
Quantum networking allows the transmission of information in ways unavailable in the classical world. The information encoded in a single qubit can now be split and transmitted in a coherent way over different routes. This aggregation allows information to be transmitted in a fault tolerant way between different parts of the quantum network (or the future internet), even when that is not achievable with a single path approach. It is a quantum phenomenon not available in conventional telecommunication networks either. We show how the multiplexing of independent quantum channels allows a distributed form of quantum error correction to protect the transmission of quantum information between nodes or users of a quantum network. Combined with spatial-temporal single-photon multiplexing, we observe a significant drop in network resources required to transmit that quantum signal, even when only two channels are involved. This work goes far beyond the concepts of channel capacities and shows how quantum networking may operate in the future.
When packets of information go through a network, each packet can be transmitted on a different route. The aggregation of quantum network provides a potential for us to use communication channels more efficiently and may contribute robust transmissions of quantum information with less quantum resources. To evaluate this possibility, we use multiplexing of independent quantum channels to distribute quantum error correction over the network. In this talk we also apply spatial-temporal single photon multiplexing and observe a significant saving in the quantum communication resources, and further we discuss how such quantum networks differ from their classical counterparts.
The design of any future quantum internet will rely on quantum repeaters and how information is transmitted through it. It is already well known that the task that would be performed within such an internet will go well beyond quantum key distribution and are likely to include quantum remote sensing and distributed quantum computation. In this presentation we will discuss a number of design options possible to support those advanced tasks. At the heart of this will be quantum routing which is highly dependent on the quantum repeater architecture. We will introduce a quantum quality of service to characterize the potential performance of a quantum internet and shows how it leads interesting network and routing behavior.