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arXiv:2008.03856 · Physical Review A

Aggregating quantum networks

Nicoló Lo Piparo, Michael Hanks, Kae Nemoto, William J. Munro

Published Nov 18, 2020• 15 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Quantum networking allows the transmission of information in ways unavailable in the classical world. The information encoded in a single qubit can now be split and transmitted in a coherent way over different routes. This aggregation allows information to be transmitted in a fault tolerant way between different parts of the quantum network (or the future internet), even when that is not achievable with a single path approach. It is a quantum phenomenon not available in conventional telecommunication networks either. We show how the multiplexing of independent quantum channels allows a distributed form of quantum error correction to protect the transmission of quantum information between nodes or users of a quantum network. Combined with spatial-temporal single-photon multiplexing, we observe a significant drop in network resources required to transmit that quantum signal, even when only two channels are involved. This work goes far beyond the concepts of channel capacities and shows how quantum networking may operate in the future.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.102.052613

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Quantum networking allows the transmission of information in ways unavailable in the classical world. The information encoded in a single qubit can now be split and transmitted in a coherent way over different routes. This aggregation allows information to be transmitted in a fault tolerant way between different parts of the quantum network (or the future internet), even when that is not achievable with a single path approach. It is a quantum phenomenon not available in conventional telecommunication networks either. We show how the multiplexing of independent quantum channels allows a distributed form of quantum error correction to protect the transmission of quantum information between nodes or users of a quantum network. Combined with spatial-temporal single-photon multiplexing, we observe a significant drop in network resources required to transmit that quantum signal, even when only two channels are involved. This work goes far beyond the concepts of channel capacities and shows how quantum networking may operate in the future.
When packets of information go through a network, each packet can be transmitted on a different route. The aggregation of quantum network provides a potential for us to use communication channels more efficiently and may contribute robust transmissions of quantum information with less quantum resources. To evaluate this possibility, we use multiplexing of independent quantum channels to distribute quantum error correction over the network. In this talk we also apply spatial-temporal single photon multiplexing and observe a significant saving in the quantum communication resources, and further we discuss how such quantum networks differ from their classical counterparts.
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Tomorrows future quantum-internet will need to support a wide range of operations including those arising from quantum-communication, distributed quantum computation and quantum remote sensing tasks. Such applications require the transmission of quantum information across the network where channel losses are a serious problem. Here we introduce the concept of quantum multiplexing to reduce the severity of this issue where multiple-qubits of information are encoded onto each transmitted photon. We will show how one not only saves on the number of photons needed but also on the physical resources required within the network nodes. We will discuss the implementations of quantum multiplexing in various networking applications.
It is now widely accepted that a future quantum internet will be developed supporting a wide variety of applications. The efficiency (and even viability) of such a internet will be highly dependent on how we move information around it. We discuss various routing options and show these impose quite different constraints on the fundamental building blocks of those networks. Introducing the concepts of quantum multiplexing and quantum network aggregation we show how communication maybe possible between two users on that network even when there are insufficient resources to allow such information to be transmitted over individual routes.
Large-scale communication networks, such as the Internet, rely on routing packets of data through multiple intermediate nodes to transmit information from a sender to a receiver. In this paper, we develop a model of a quantum communication network that routes information simultaneously along multiple paths passing through intermediate stations. We demonstrate that a quantum routing approach can in principle extend the distance over which information can be transmitted reliably. Surprisingly, the benefit of quantum routing also applies to the transmission of classical information: even if the transmitted data is purely classical, delocalising it on multiple routes can enhance the achievable transmission distance. Our findings highlight the potential of a future quantum internet not only for achieving secure quantum communication and distributed quantum computing but also for extending the range of classical data transmission.