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Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging

Aggregation in quantum networks

Kae Nemoto

Published Jul 30, 2021• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When packets of information go through a network, each packet can be transmitted on a different route. The aggregation of quantum network provides a potential for us to use communication channels more efficiently and may contribute robust transmissions of quantum information with less quantum resources. To evaluate this possibility, we use multiplexing of independent quantum channels to distribute quantum error correction over the network. In this talk we also apply spatial-temporal single photon multiplexing and observe a significant saving in the quantum communication resources, and further we discuss how such quantum networks differ from their classical counterparts.

DOI
10.1117/12.2597326

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When packets of information go through a network, each packet can be transmitted on a different route. The aggregation of quantum network provides a potential for us to use communication channels more efficiently and may contribute robust transmissions of quantum information with less quantum resources. To evaluate this possibility, we use multiplexing of independent quantum channels to distribute quantum error correction over the network. In this talk we also apply spatial-temporal single photon multiplexing and observe a significant saving in the quantum communication resources, and further we discuss how such quantum networks differ from their classical counterparts.
Quantum networking allows the transmission of information in ways unavailable in the classical world. The information encoded in a single qubit can now be split and transmitted in a coherent way over different routes. This aggregation allows information to be transmitted in a fault tolerant way between different parts of the quantum network (or the future internet), even when that is not achievable with a single path approach. It is a quantum phenomenon not available in conventional telecommunication networks either. We show how the multiplexing of independent quantum channels allows a distributed form of quantum error correction to protect the transmission of quantum information between nodes or users of a quantum network. Combined with spatial-temporal single-photon multiplexing, we observe a significant drop in network resources required to transmit that quantum signal, even when only two channels are involved. This work goes far beyond the concepts of channel capacities and shows how quantum networking may operate in the future.
Quantum communication will be at the heart of many future quantum technologies providing the foundation to for them to coherently interact. Here we introduce the concepts of quantum multiplexing and aggregation for use in such quantum communication related tasks. Quantum multiplexing involves encoding multiple-qubits of information onto each transmitted photon and allows us to significantly reduce the effect channel losses have within those tasks. Next quantum aggregation allows quantum messages to be divided and transmitted in a coherent way over different paths when resources in given paths are limited. We will discuss potential implementations and the resources required.
It is now widely accepted that a future quantum internet will be developed supporting a wide variety of applications. The efficiency (and even viability) of such a internet will be highly dependent on how we move information around it. We discuss various routing options and show these impose quite different constraints on the fundamental building blocks of those networks. Introducing the concepts of quantum multiplexing and quantum network aggregation we show how communication maybe possible between two users on that network even when there are insufficient resources to allow such information to be transmitted over individual routes.
Tomorrows future quantum-internet will need to support a wide range of operations including those arising from quantum-communication, distributed quantum computation and quantum remote sensing tasks. Such applications require the transmission of quantum information across the network where channel losses are a serious problem. Here we introduce the concept of quantum multiplexing to reduce the severity of this issue where multiple-qubits of information are encoded onto each transmitted photon. We will show how one not only saves on the number of photons needed but also on the physical resources required within the network nodes. We will discuss the implementations of quantum multiplexing in various networking applications.
Advanced quantum networking systems rely on efficient quantum error correction codes for their optimal realization. The rate at which the encoded information is transmitted is a fundamental limit that affects the performance of such systems. Quantum aggregation allows one to increase the transmission rate by adding multiple paths connecting two distant users. Aggregating channels of different paths allows more users to simultaneously exchange the encoded information. Recent work has shown that quantum aggregation can also reduce the number of physical resources of an error correction code when it is combined with the quantum multiplexing technique. However, the difference in channel lengths across the various paths means some of the encoded quantum information will arrive earlier than others and it must be stored in quantum memories. The information stored will then deteriorate due to decoherence processes leading to detrimental effects for the fidelity of the final quantum state. Here, we explore the effects of a depolarization channel that occurs for the quantum Reed-Solomon code when quantum aggregation involving different channel lengths is used. We determine the best distribution of resources among the various channels connecting two remote users. Furthermore, we estimate the coherence time required to achieve a certain fidelity. Our results will have a significant impact on the ways physical resources are distributed across a quantum network.