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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR)

Designing tomorrow’s quantum internet

William J. Munro, Kae Nemoto

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The design of any future quantum internet will rely on quantum repeaters and how information is transmitted through it. It is already well known that the task that would be performed within such an internet will go well beyond quantum key distribution and are likely to include quantum remote sensing and distributed quantum computation. In this presentation we will discuss a number of design options possible to support those advanced tasks. At the heart of this will be quantum routing which is highly dependent on the quantum repeater architecture. We will introduce a quantum quality of service to characterize the potential performance of a quantum internet and shows how it leads interesting network and routing behavior.

DOI
10.1364/cleopr.2020.c12c_1

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The design of any future quantum internet will rely on quantum repeaters and how information is transmitted through it. It is already well known that the task that would be performed within such an internet will go well beyond quantum key distribution and are likely to include quantum remote sensing and distributed quantum computation. In this presentation we will discuss a number of design options possible to support those advanced tasks. At the heart of this will be quantum routing which is highly dependent on the quantum repeater architecture. We will introduce a quantum quality of service to characterize the potential performance of a quantum internet and shows how it leads interesting network and routing behavior.
The design of large-scale quantum networks and any future quantum internet will rely on quantum repeaters and how quantum information flows through it. Tasks performed on such networks will go well beyond quantum key distribution and are likely to include quantum remote sensing and distributed quantum computation. In this presentation we will explore the various ways that such networks could be designed to support those advanced tasks. Critical to this will be quantum routing which we should is highly dependent on the repeater architecture. We introduce a quantum quality of service to help characterize the systems performance and shows how it leads interesting network and routing behavior.
Principles of quantum mechanics promise a future quantum internet that connects a wide variety of quantum devices together in a coherent and secure fashion. It is well known that due to the size of this quantum internet, quantum repeaters will be a critical part in a similar fashion to the importance of repeaters in today's telecommunications internet. Given the inherent differences between classical and quantum physics, it is essential to establish how a quantum internet will function including how we route information as well as the functionality quantum repeaters will need to provide. Our considerations here go far beyond quantum key distribution and instead focus on a true network of connected quantum devices, including computers and sensors. We show how the efficient operation of such quantum networks relies on the seamless integration of both quantum and classical communication resources.
Principles of quantum mechanics promise a future quantum internet that connects a wide variety of quantum devices together in a coherent and secure fashion. It is well known that due to the size of this quantum internet, quantum repeaters will be a critical part in a similar fashion to the importance of repeaters in today's telecommunications internet. Given the inherent differences between classical and quantum physics, it is essential to establish how a quantum internet will function including how we route information as well as the functionality quantum repeaters will need to provide. Our considerations here go far beyond quantum key distribution and instead focus on a true network of connected quantum devices, including computers and sensors. We show how the efficient operation of such quantum networks relies on the seamless integration of both quantum and classical communication resources.
The coming Quantum Internet will bring us new capabilities: advanced cryptographic functions, high-precision sensor networks for uses such as high-resolution astronomy, and secure distributed quantum computing. Experimental progress on the components for quantum repeaters is moving at a dizzying rate, and theorists have proposed various approaches to managing errors to create high-fidelity quantum entanglement. Building quantum networks presents different challenges from building quantum links. I will give an overview of these issues, then discuss the even more daunting challenge of creating a network of networks -- an internetwork -- and show how our simulations are guiding the design of a true quantum Internet. These challenges include routing (path selection), resource management such as multiplexing techniques, and security considerations within individual networks. Recently, we have discovered that it is possible for a single hijacked quantum repeater to frame other repeaters as malicious, substantially disrupting network operations. All of these issues are magnified when discussing autonomous networks that exchange information, known as an internetwork. In internetworking, not only is the scale of the problem daunting, but heterogeneous technologies will be deployed and demand interoperability at the logical level as well as the physical. Network operators also prefer to maintain the privacy of their own network operations, requiring mechanisms including connection establishment to operate with minimal sharing of information across network boundaries.
It is now widely accepted that a future quantum internet will be developed supporting a wide variety of applications. The efficiency (and even viability) of such a internet will be highly dependent on how we move information around it. We discuss various routing options and show these impose quite different constraints on the fundamental building blocks of those networks. Introducing the concepts of quantum multiplexing and quantum network aggregation we show how communication maybe possible between two users on that network even when there are insufficient resources to allow such information to be transmitted over individual routes.
Quantum communication which is our ability to transmission quantum information between remote locations is a primitive operation necessary for a future quantum internet. Quantum communication at its heart relies on establishing entangled links between remote locations which can then be used to teleport quantum data. Typically channel losses limit the distance that photons can be sent without some form of quantum repeater networks which segments the channel into smaller pieces. Entanglement distribution, purification and swapping operations then allows one to create high fidelity entangled pairs between the desired remote locations. Several generations of quantum repeaters have been proposed with dramatically increasing performance but the ultimate network performance is limited by channel losses which are typically fundamental in nature. Here we introduce the concept of quantum multiplexing, which allows us to both minimize the number of photons needed in the entanglement distribution processing but also enhance the quality of the entangled pairs generated. In this presentation we discuss the potential performance gains our quantum multiplexing approach gives.