Transition probability measurements in two alkali systems

When atoms are placed in a static magnetic field, they undergo shifts of their energy levels and changes in their transition probabilities. These two effects must be taken into account when considering absorption profiles of alkali-metal D lines, which result from the contribution of many transitions influenced by the laser spectrum and Doppler broadening. The model presented here gives the D-line absorption coefficients of alkali-metal vapors in the presence of an arbitrary static magneitc field. They are evaluated considering various laser polarizations. Experimental measurements of D-line absorption profiles for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$ , $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ , and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ isotopes show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.When atoms are placed in a static magnetic field, they undergo shifts of their energy levels and changes in their transition probabilities. These two effects must be taken into account when considering absorption profiles of alkali-metal D lines, which result from the contribution of many transitions influenced by the laser spectrum and Doppler broadening. The model presented here gives the D-line absorption coefficients of alkali-metal vapors in the presence of an arbitrary static magneitc field. They are evaluated considering various laser polarizations. Experimental measurements of D-line absorption profiles for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ isotopes show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.

Physical Review ASep 1, 1990114 citations

Transition probabilities in three-electron systems

Marianna S. Safronova, A.S. Safronova

Optics and SpectroscopyFeb 1, 19800 citations

Dominant magnetically induced transitions in alkali metal atoms with nuclear spin 3/2

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Tonoyan, Rodolphe Momier +2 more

The probabilities of atomic transitions F e − F g = ± 2 between a ground F g and an excited F e level of the D 2 line of any alkali metal atom are zero when no external magnetic field is applied. In an external magnetic field in the range of 0.1–3 kG, the probabilities of these transitions called magnetically induced (MI) are highly modified. For MI transitions, we previously exhibited the following rule: the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = + 2 are maximal when using σ + -polarized laser radiation, while the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = − 2 are maximal when using σ − -polarized laser radiation. This difference has been termed type 1 MI circular dichroism. It is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that for alkali atoms with a nuclear spin I = 3 / 2 ( 87 R b , 39 K , 23 N a , 7 L i ) in magnetic fields > 100 G , the probability of the strongest σ + MI transition of the group F g = 1 → F e = 3 ′ (transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ ) is about four times higher than the probabilities of the strongest MI σ − -transitions | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , − 2 ′ ⟩ and | 2 , + 1 ⟩ → | 0 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ . These properties make the σ + MI transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → <mThe probabilities of atomic transitions F e − F g = ± 2 between a ground F g and an excited F e level of the D 2 line of any alkali metal atom are zero when no external magnetic field is applied. In an external magnetic field in the range of 0.1–3 kG, the probabilities of these transitions called magnetically induced (MI) are highly modified. For MI transitions, we previously exhibited the following rule: the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = + 2 are maximal when using σ + -polarized laser radiation, while the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = − 2 are maximal when using σ − -polarized laser radiation. This difference has been termed type 1 MI circular dichroism. It is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that for alkali atoms with a nuclear spin I = 3 / 2 ( 87 R b , 39 K , 23 N a , 7 L i ) in magnetic fields > 100 G , the probability of the strongest σ + MI transition of the group F g = 1 → F e = 3 ′ (transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ ) is about four times higher than the probabilities of the strongest MI σ − -transitions | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , − 2 ′ ⟩ and | 2 , + 1 ⟩ → | 0 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ . These properties make the σ + MI transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → <m

arXiv:2112.07351Journal of the Optical Society of America BFeb 10, 20228 citations

Advances in the Measurement of Atomic Transition Probabilities

Thomas R. O’Brian

Jan 1, 19910 citations

Excited-State Mixing in the Optical Pumping of Alkali-Metal Vapors

F. A. Franz, Judy R. Franz

The effect of excited-state mixing on the optical pumping of alkali-metal vapors is considered for the case where the energy separation between the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ first excited states is relatively large, allowing the isolation of mixing effects within a particular $J$ level. Two models for the mixing process are proposed, one a random reorientation of the total electronic angular momentum J, and the other a reorientation of J subject to the selection rule $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{J}=0, \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$. The probabilities for mixing transitions among $J$ -state sublevels have been calculated for an alkali atom of nuclear spin $\frac{3}{2}$ , and can be used to calculate the optical-pumping transition probabilities for a vapor subject to any degree of excited-state mixing. Several possible experiments suggested by these calculations are discussed.The effect of excited-state mixing on the optical pumping of alkali-metal vapors is considered for the case where the energy separation between the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ first excited states is relatively large, allowing the isolation of mixing effects within a particular $J$ level. Two models for the mixing process are proposed, one a random reorientation of the total electronic angular momentum J, and the other a reorientation of J subject to the selection rule $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{J}=0, \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$. The probabilities for mixing transitions among $J$-state sublevels have been calculated for an alkali atom of nuclear spin $\frac{3}{2}$, and can be used to calculate the optical-pumping transition probabilities for a vapor subject to any degree of excited-state mixing. Several possible experiments suggested by these calculations are discussed.

Physical ReviewAug 5, 196661 citations

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

, and

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

isotopes show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.

The effect of excited-state mixing on the optical pumping of alkali-metal vapors is considered for the case where the energy separation between the

^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}

and

^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}

first excited states is relatively large, allowing the isolation of mixing effects within a particular

J

level. Two models for the mixing process are proposed, one a random reorientation of the total electronic angular momentum J, and the other a reorientation of J subject to the selection rule $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{J}=0, \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2$. The probabilities for mixing transitions among

J

-state sublevels have been calculated for an alkali atom of nuclear spin

\frac{3}{2}

, and can be used to calculate the optical-pumping transition probabilities for a vapor subject to any degree of excited-state mixing. Several possible experiments suggested by these calculations are discussed.