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arXiv:2112.07351 · Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Dominant magnetically induced transitions in alkali metal atoms with nuclear spin 3/2

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Tonoyan, Rodolphe Momier, Claude Leroy, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Feb 10, 2022• 8 citations
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Abstract

The probabilities of atomic transitions F e − F g = ± 2 between a ground F g and an excited F e level of the D 2 line of any alkali metal atom are zero when no external magnetic field is applied. In an external magnetic field in the range of 0.1–3 kG, the probabilities of these transitions called magnetically induced (MI) are highly modified. For MI transitions, we previously exhibited the following rule: the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = + 2 are maximal when using σ + -polarized laser radiation, while the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = − 2 are maximal when using σ − -polarized laser radiation. This difference has been termed type 1 MI circular dichroism. It is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that for alkali atoms with a nuclear spin I = 3 / 2 ( 87 R b , 39 K , 23 N a , 7 L i ) in magnetic fields > 100 G , the probability of the strongest σ + MI transition of the group F g = 1 → F e = 3 ′ (transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ ) is about four times higher than the probabilities of the strongest MI σ − -transitions | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , − 2 ′ ⟩ and | 2 , + 1 ⟩ → | 0 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ . These properties make the σ + MI transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → <m

DOI
10.1364/josab.451713

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For the first time, magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the D2 line of the 39K atom in an external magnetic field of 10–600G using circularly polarized radiation σ + and σ – have been investigated. According to the selection rules in a zero magnetic field, transitions between sublevels of the ground and excited levels of the hyperfine structure with Fe - Fg = delta F = ± 2 are prohibited, while in the magnetic field there is a giant increase in their probabilities. For MI transitions, Fg = 1-> Fe = 3(delta F = +2) the highest probability is achieved when using σ+ radiation, and for Fg = 2->Fe = 0 the highest probability is achieved when using σ-  radiation. For the atomic transitions spectral separation the process of selective reflection of laser radiation from nanocell, filled with potassium atoms is used. This which allowed us to study the behavior of the MI transitions. The experiment well consistent with the theory.

Журнал технической физики•Jan 1, 2019•0 citations
The probabilities of atomic transitions F e − F g = ± 2 between a ground F g and an excited F e level of the D 2 line of any alkali metal atom are zero when no external magnetic field is applied. In an external magnetic field in the range of 0.1–3 kG, the probabilities of these transitions called magnetically induced (MI) are highly modified. For MI transitions, we previously exhibited the following rule: the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = + 2 are maximal when using σ + -polarized laser radiation, while the probabilities of MI transitions with Δ F = − 2 are maximal when using σ − -polarized laser radiation. This difference has been termed type 1 MI circular dichroism. It is demonstrated for the first time, to our knowledge, that for alkali atoms with a nuclear spin I = 3 / 2 ( 87 R b , 39 K , 23 N a , 7 L i ) in magnetic fields > 100 G , the probability of the strongest σ + MI transition of the group F g = 1 → F e = 3 ′ (transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ ) is about four times higher than the probabilities of the strongest MI σ − -transitions | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → | 3 ′ , − 2 ′ ⟩ and | 2 , + 1 ⟩ → | 0 ′ , 0 ′ ⟩ . These properties make the σ + MI transition | 1 , − 1 ⟩ → <m
Atomic transitions in alkali metals that have zero probability in the absence of a magnetic field but have large probabilities in the presence of a magnetic field are called magnetically induced (MI). They are of interest because of their large probabilities, which exceed the probabilities of usual transitions in a wide magnetic field range. Magnetically induced transitions are classified as type-1 (MI1) and type-2 (MI2) and their total number is about 100. In this work, MI2 transitions are examined between ground Fg and excited levels Fe of the hyperfine structure satisfying the condition Fe−Fg=ΔF=±2{{F}_{{\text{e}}}} - {{F}_{{\text{g}}}} = \Delta F = \pm 2Fe​−Fg​=ΔF=±2 , which are forbidden in zero magnetic field but have large probabilities in the presence of a magnetic field. The probabilities of the MI2 transitions with ΔF=+2\Delta F = + 2ΔF=+2 and the MI transitions with ΔF=−2\Delta F = - 2ΔF=−2 are maximal in the case of optical radiation with the σ+ and σ– polarizations, respectively. This difference is called type-1 magnetically induced circular dichroism (MICD1). It has been shown for the first time that the probability of the strongest MI2 transition in the 85Rb atom corresponding to the D2 line in magnetic fields >100 G in the case of σ+{{\sigma }^{ + }}σ+ radiation is larger than the probability of the strongest MI2 transition in the case of σ– radiation by a factor of 2.5. This difference is called type-2 magnetically induced circular dichroism (MICD2). It has been shown how to determine the strongest MI transition for any alkali metal atom, which is important for its application in magneto-optical processes. Theoretical curves reproduce well experimental results.
Abstract Magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the D2 line of 39K atom in an external magnetic field of 10–600 G have been experimentally and theoretically investigated for the first time using circularly polarized σ+ and σ− radiations. According to the selection rules, the transitions between the sublevels of the ground and excited levels of a hyperfine structure with Fe – Fg = ΔF = ±2 are forbidden in the zero magnetic field, whereas their probabilities increase radically in a magnetic field. For the Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 (ΔF = +2) and Fg = 2 → Fe = 0 MI transitions, the highest probabilities are achieved using the σ+ and σ– radiations, respectively. The atomic transitions have been spectrally resolved using selective reflection of laser radiation from a nanocell filled with potassium atomic vapor, which makes it possible to investigate the behavior of the MI transitions. The experimental and theoretical data are shown to be in good agreement.
Abstract The “mixing” of magnetic sublevels of the ground and excited levels of an atomic transition with magnetic sublevels of a nearby transition (in the hyperfine structure of atoms of alkali metals) is responsible for a strong modification of its probability. A dramatic manifestation of this mixing effect is a huge increase in the probability of the atomic transition in magnetic fields that is forbidden by selection rules in zero magnetic field B = 0; the latter is called a magnetically induced (MI) transition. Two MI transitions with different dependences on B have been studied. Another dramatic manifestation of the mixing effect is that there are atomic transitions whose frequency is practically fixed in a wide range of magnetic fields, i.e., the slope S [MHz/G] of the frequency shifts as a function of B is practically zero, with the transition probability being significant. We call these transitions “unmoved” transitions (UTs). We have studied the UTs of 87Rb atoms, the D2 line, |1, +1〉 → |1', +1'〉 and Cs atoms, the D2 line, |3, –3〉 → |5', –4'〉, where the quantum numbers F and mF of the excited and ground levels are marked with and without primes, respectively. We show that in the range B = 180–705 G for 87Rb, the D2 line, |S| ≤ 0.03 MHz/G; for comparison, S ≈ 3.6 MHz/G for 87Rb in the same B range for the MI transition |1, +1〉 → |3', +2'〉 is greater by a factor of 120. A second laser was used to control the UT amplitude. Our theoretical model describes well the experiment.
Transitions F e − F g = Δ F = ±2 between the excited and ground levels of the hyperfine structure of the Cs D 2 atomic line in an external magnetic field of 300–3000 G have been studied for the first time with the use of σ + and σ − circularly polarized radiation. Selection rules forbid these transitions in zero magnetic field. At the same time, the probabilities of these transitions in a magnetic field increase significantly; for this reason, we refer to these transitions as magnetically induced transitions. The following rule has been found for the intensities of 24 magnetically induced F g = 3 → F e = 5 and F g = 4 → F e = 2 transitions: the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = +2 are maximal (the number of such magnetically induced transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ + polarized radiation, whereas the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = −2 are maximal (the number of such transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ − σ + and σ − polarized radiation can reach several orders of magnitude; i.e., anomalous circular dichroism is observed. For an experimental test, absorption spectra of a Cs-filled nanocell with the thickness equal to half the wavelength of resonant laser radiation = 852 nm have been analyzed in order to separately detect magnetically induced transitions. The experiment is in good agreement with the theory. Possible applications have been discussed.
In this letter we study magnetic circular dichroism in alkali atoms exhibiting asymmetric behaviour of magnetically induced transitions. The magnetic field B ∥ k induces transitions between Δ F = ± 2 hyperfine levels of alkali atoms and in the range of ∼ 0.1 -- 3 kG magnetic field, the intensities of these transitions experience significant enhancement. We have inferred a general rule applicable for the D 2 lines of all alkali atoms, that is the transition intensity enhancement is around four times larger for the case of σ + than for σ − excitation for Δ F = + 2 , whereas it is several hundreds of thousand times larger in the case of σ − than that for σ + polarization for Δ F = − 2 . This asymmetric behaviour results in circular dichroism. For experimental verification we employed half-wavelength-thick atomic vapor nanocells using a derivative of the selective reflection technique, which provides a sub-Doppler spectroscopic linewidth ( ∼ 50 MHz ). The presented theoretical curves well describe the experimental results. This effect can find applications particularly in parity violation experiments.
For the first time, magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the D2 line of the 39K atom in an external magnetic field of 10–600G using circularly polarized radiation σ + and σ – have been investigated. According to the selection rules in a zero magnetic field, transitions between sublevels of the ground and excited levels of the hyperfine structure with Fe - Fg = delta F = ± 2 are prohibited, while in the magnetic field there is a giant increase in their probabilities. For MI transitions, Fg = 1-> Fe = 3(delta F = +2) the highest probability is achieved when using σ+ radiation, and for Fg = 2->Fe = 0 the highest probability is achieved when using σ-  radiation. For the atomic transitions spectral separation the process of selective reflection of laser radiation from nanocell, filled with potassium atoms is used. This which allowed us to study the behavior of the MI transitions. The experiment well consistent with the theory.