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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Magnetically Induced Anomalous Dichroism of Atomic Transitions of the Cesium D2 Line

Armen D. Sargsyan, A. Tonoyan, G. Hakhumyan, David G. Sarkisyan

Published Dec 1, 2017• 17 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Transitions F e − F g = Δ F = ±2 between the excited and ground levels of the hyperfine structure of the Cs D 2 atomic line in an external magnetic field of 300–3000 G have been studied for the first time with the use of σ + and σ − circularly polarized radiation. Selection rules forbid these transitions in zero magnetic field. At the same time, the probabilities of these transitions in a magnetic field increase significantly; for this reason, we refer to these transitions as magnetically induced transitions. The following rule has been found for the intensities of 24 magnetically induced F g = 3 → F e = 5 and F g = 4 → F e = 2 transitions: the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = +2 are maximal (the number of such magnetically induced transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ + polarized radiation, whereas the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = −2 are maximal (the number of such transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ − σ + and σ − polarized radiation can reach several orders of magnitude; i.e., anomalous circular dichroism is observed. For an experimental test, absorption spectra of a Cs-filled nanocell with the thickness equal to half the wavelength of resonant laser radiation = 852 nm have been analyzed in order to separately detect magnetically induced transitions. The experiment is in good agreement with the theory. Possible applications have been discussed.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364017230126

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Transitions F e − F g = Δ F = ±2 between the excited and ground levels of the hyperfine structure of the Cs D 2 atomic line in an external magnetic field of 300–3000 G have been studied for the first time with the use of σ + and σ − circularly polarized radiation. Selection rules forbid these transitions in zero magnetic field. At the same time, the probabilities of these transitions in a magnetic field increase significantly; for this reason, we refer to these transitions as magnetically induced transitions. The following rule has been found for the intensities of 24 magnetically induced F g = 3 → F e = 5 and F g = 4 → F e = 2 transitions: the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = +2 are maximal (the number of such magnetically induced transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ + polarized radiation, whereas the intensities of magnetically induced transitions with Δ F = −2 are maximal (the number of such transitions is also maximal) in the case of σ − σ + and σ − polarized radiation can reach several orders of magnitude; i.e., anomalous circular dichroism is observed. For an experimental test, absorption spectra of a Cs-filled nanocell with the thickness equal to half the wavelength of resonant laser radiation = 852 nm have been analyzed in order to separately detect magnetically induced transitions. The experiment is in good agreement with the theory. Possible applications have been discussed.
Abstract Magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the D2 line of 39K atom in an external magnetic field of 10–600 G have been experimentally and theoretically investigated for the first time using circularly polarized σ+ and σ− radiations. According to the selection rules, the transitions between the sublevels of the ground and excited levels of a hyperfine structure with Fe – Fg = ΔF = ±2 are forbidden in the zero magnetic field, whereas their probabilities increase radically in a magnetic field. For the Fg = 1 → Fe = 3 (ΔF = +2) and Fg = 2 → Fe = 0 MI transitions, the highest probabilities are achieved using the σ+ and σ– radiations, respectively. The atomic transitions have been spectrally resolved using selective reflection of laser radiation from a nanocell filled with potassium atomic vapor, which makes it possible to investigate the behavior of the MI transitions. The experimental and theoretical data are shown to be in good agreement.
For the first time, magnetically induced (MI) transitions of the D2 line of the 39K atom in an external magnetic field of 10–600G using circularly polarized radiation σ + and σ – have been investigated. According to the selection rules in a zero magnetic field, transitions between sublevels of the ground and excited levels of the hyperfine structure with Fe - Fg = delta F = ± 2 are prohibited, while in the magnetic field there is a giant increase in their probabilities. For MI transitions, Fg = 1-> Fe = 3(delta F = +2) the highest probability is achieved when using σ+ radiation, and for Fg = 2->Fe = 0 the highest probability is achieved when using σ-  radiation. For the atomic transitions spectral separation the process of selective reflection of laser radiation from nanocell, filled with potassium atoms is used. This which allowed us to study the behavior of the MI transitions. The experiment well consistent with the theory.
In this letter we study magnetic circular dichroism in alkali atoms exhibiting asymmetric behaviour of magnetically induced transitions. The magnetic field B ∥ k induces transitions between Δ F = ± 2 hyperfine levels of alkali atoms and in the range of ∼ 0.1 -- 3 kG magnetic field, the intensities of these transitions experience significant enhancement. We have inferred a general rule applicable for the D 2 lines of all alkali atoms, that is the transition intensity enhancement is around four times larger for the case of σ + than for σ − excitation for Δ F = + 2 , whereas it is several hundreds of thousand times larger in the case of σ − than that for σ + polarization for Δ F = − 2 . This asymmetric behaviour results in circular dichroism. For experimental verification we employed half-wavelength-thick atomic vapor nanocells using a derivative of the selective reflection technique, which provides a sub-Doppler spectroscopic linewidth ( ∼ 50 MHz ). The presented theoretical curves well describe the experimental results. This effect can find applications particularly in parity violation experiments.
Selective reflection of 852-nm laser radiation from the interface between cesium vapor and the sapphire window of a 30-micrometer-thick microcell was used to record an extreme increase in the probability of the Fg=3→Fe=5 transitions associated with the Cs-atom D2 lines in magnetic fields with inductions ranging from 300 to 3200 Gauss. We showed that a group of seven transitions Fg=3, mF=−3, −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3→Fe=5, mF=−2, −1, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 was formed in accordance with the selection rules ΔmF=+1 for σ+-circularly-polarized radiation. These seven transitions have much higher probabilities in 500–1000 Gauss magnetic fields, with three of the transitions having probabilities higher than all of the other transitions originating from the level Fg=3. In magnetic fields with induction greater than 3000 Gauss, this group of seven transitions at the high-frequency end of the spectrum is completely separate from the group of transitions with Fg=3→Fe=4. Comparison of the frequencies and probabilities of these seven atomic transitions with those for the transitions Fg=3→Fe=5 showed good agreement between theory and experiment. We also discuss potential practical applications for these transitions.
Abstract The circular dichroism effect has been investigated for atomic transitions of the Rb D1 line in magnetic fields of up to 3 kG using circularly polarized σ+ and σ− radiation. The process of selective reflection from a 350-nm-thick nanocell has been used, which makes it possible to form narrow atomic lines and observe separately the behavior of individual transitions. Two groups consisting of six (85Rb atoms) and four (87Rb atoms) transitions are formed in magnetic fields B > 0.5 kG upon σ+ and σ− laser excitation. All transitions have been identified. It is shown that the strongest transitions for 87Rb and 85Rb atoms in magnetic fields of up to several kG are formed under σ− irradiation. A further increase in the magnetic field makes it possible to attain the Paschen–Back regime on a hyperfine structure, for which the probabilities of transitions upon σ+ and σ− excitation become identical. The theoretical model and experiment are in good agreement.
Magnetic field-induced symmetry breaking exhibited by explicit circular dichroism for ΔF=±2\Delta F = \pm2ΔF=±2 transitions of D2_22​ lines of all alkali atoms
In this letter we demonstrate universal symmetry breaking by means of magnetically induced circular dichroism. Magnetic field induces forbidden at zero field atomic transitions between ΔF=±2\Delta F = \pm2ΔF=±2 hyperfine levels. In a particular range of magnetic field, intensities of these transitions experience significant enhancement. We have deduced a general rule applicable for the D2D_2D2​ lines of all bosonic alkali atoms, that is transition intensity enhancement is larger for the case of σ+\sigma^+σ+ than for σ−\sigma^-σ− excitation for ΔF=+2\Delta F = +2ΔF=+2, whereas it is larger (e.g. up to 101110^{11}1011 times for 85^{85}85Rb atoms) in the case of σ−\sigma^-σ− than for σ+\sigma^+σ+ polarization for ΔF=−2\Delta F = -2ΔF=−2. This asymmetric behaviour results in an explicit circular dichroism. For experimental verification we employed half-wavelength-thick atomic vapor nanocells using a derivative of selective reflection technique, which provides sub-Doppler spectroscopic linewidth ($\sim$50 MHz). The presented theoretical curves well describe the experimental results. This effect can find applications particularly in parity violation experiments.