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Physical Review A

Absorption profiles of alkali-metalDlines in the presence of a static magnetic field

Pierre‐Luc Tremblay, A. Michaud, M. Levesque, Sylvain Thériault, Marc Breton, Jean Beaubien, Normand Cyr

Published Sep 1, 1990• 114 citations
Publisher

Abstract

When atoms are placed in a static magnetic field, they undergo shifts of their energy levels and changes in their transition probabilities. These two effects must be taken into account when considering absorption profiles of alkali-metal D lines, which result from the contribution of many transitions influenced by the laser spectrum and Doppler broadening. The model presented here gives the D-line absorption coefficients of alkali-metal vapors in the presence of an arbitrary static magneitc field. They are evaluated considering various laser polarizations. Experimental measurements of D-line absorption profiles for $^{85}\mathrm{Rb}$, $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$, and $^{133}\mathrm{Cs}$ isotopes show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.42.2766

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When atoms are placed in a static magnetic field, they undergo shifts of their energy levels and changes in their transition probabilities. These two effects must be taken into account when considering absorption profiles of alkali-metal D lines, which result from the contribution of many transitions influenced by the laser spectrum and Doppler broadening. The model presented here gives the D-line absorption coefficients of alkali-metal vapors in the presence of an arbitrary static magneitc field. They are evaluated considering various laser polarizations. Experimental measurements of D-line absorption profiles for 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb, 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb, and 133Cs^{133}\mathrm{Cs}133Cs isotopes show excellent agreement with theoretical predictions.
It has been shown that the D 1 line of atomic vapors of alkali metals excited by π-polarized radiation in a strong transverse magnetic field includes specific “guiding” (indicating) atomic transitions between the magnetic sublevels of the hyperfine structure. The dependence of the frequency shift of the guiding transitions on the magnetic field, as well as on their dipole moments, is asymptotic for all other transitions. An experiment with a nanocell with Rb vapor with a thickness of half the wavelength (λ/2 method) for ensuring a sub-Doppler spectral resolution has completely confirmed the presence of guiding transitions. Two groups of six transitions for 85 Rb and two groups of four transitions for 87 Rb have been detected in the absorption spectra in magnetic fields above 4 kG. A guiding transition has been identified in each of four groups. Four transitions forbidden at B = 0 have been also detected; with an increase in the magnetic field, their probabilities also approach the probabilities of the guiding transitions.
The absorption profiles of left-hand and right-hand circularly polarized laser light propagating through sodium vapor are asymmetric and considerably frequency shifted if small static magnetic fields are present. Using an analytical model we show how optical pumping ``enhances'' the laser-induced light shift from the kilohertz to the gigahertz range. We compare the analytical results with experimental data obtained from the homogeneously broadened Na D1{\mathit{D}}_{1}D1​ transition.
The absorption of a light wave interacting with optical transitions in the D1line of an alkali metal atom subjected to microwave radiation that is in resonance with magnetic dipole transitions between hyperfine ground-state components, has been investigated. It is known that when scanning a longitudinal magnetic field (B||k, wherekis the wavevector), one may observe a magneto-optical resonance due to the ground-state Hanle effect. In addition, the effect of double radio-optical resonance takes place because of the presence of the resonance microwave field. The joint influence of these effects on the formation of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in light wave absorption has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown analytically that the effects compete with each other and destructively act on the resonance formation. As a result, the amplitude of the resonance is small and its shape is complicated. However, in the presence of a buffer gas the pressure of which is such that the hyperfine splitting of the ground state remains spectrally unresolved, it becomes possible to observe a magneto-optical resonance with a relatively large amplitude. Experiments have been carried out with the use of a miniature glass cell (V~ 0.1 cm3) filled with87Rb vapor and a buffer gas argon (a pressure of about 95 Torr). In particular, the theoretically predicted resonance narrowing with increasing light field intensity has been experimentally observed. A configuration for magneto-optical resonance excitation suggested here may be applied in quantum magnetometry to measure weak permanent magnetic fields and resonance microwave fields using cells filled with alkali metal vapor.
Interaction of alkali atoms with external magnetic field induced a splitting and a shift of their energy levels. We have studied this interaction for external field from 0 to 5000 Gauss when the alkali vapor is confined in submicron thin vapor cell with thickness L = λ /2. Rubidium and Sodium vapors have been studied. The Hamiltonian can be expressed as the sum of the unperturbated atomic Hamiltonian and the so-called Zeeman Hamiltonian. The probability of a transition, induced by the laser electric field is proportional to the square of the transfer coefficients modified by the presence of the magnetic field. We will show that the strong nonlinearity of the transition intensities versus the external magnetic field intensity is obvious for B > 100 G. Some possible applications for Laser Spectroscopy of the Rb and the Na atoms are presented.
Abstract Atomic transitions of 39K, D2 line are studied in strong longitudinal magnetic fields, up to 1000 G, with a high spectral resolution. The saturated absorption (SA) method was used in a micro-cell filled with K vapors with a thickness of L= 30 µm. A double differentiation of the SA spectrum was carried out, which made it possible to obtain narrow (~50 MHz) atomic lines and study individual transition frequency and probabilistic behavior. Among alkali metals, the K atoms have the smallest hyperfine splitting of the ground levels. This allows one to observe the break of the coupling between the electronic total angular momentum J and nuclear I angular momentums at relatively low magnetic fields B > 300 G. In the case of using circularly polarized radiation (σ+ or σ–), two groups (each consisting of four) equidistantly located total eight atomic transitions are recorded in strong magnetic fields. The experimental results are well described by a known theoretical model.