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Журнал Экспериментальной и Теоретической Физики

Double Radio-Optical Resonance in the Hanle Configuration under the Excitation of the D1 Absorption Line in Alkali Metal Atoms

Denis V. Brazhnikov, Vasily M. Entin, I. I. Ryabtsev

Published Dec 15, 2023• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The absorption of a light wave interacting with optical transitions in the D1line of an alkali metal atom subjected to microwave radiation that is in resonance with magnetic dipole transitions between hyperfine ground-state components, has been investigated. It is known that when scanning a longitudinal magnetic field (B||k, wherekis the wavevector), one may observe a magneto-optical resonance due to the ground-state Hanle effect. In addition, the effect of double radio-optical resonance takes place because of the presence of the resonance microwave field. The joint influence of these effects on the formation of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in light wave absorption has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown analytically that the effects compete with each other and destructively act on the resonance formation. As a result, the amplitude of the resonance is small and its shape is complicated. However, in the presence of a buffer gas the pressure of which is such that the hyperfine splitting of the ground state remains spectrally unresolved, it becomes possible to observe a magneto-optical resonance with a relatively large amplitude. Experiments have been carried out with the use of a miniature glass cell (V~ 0.1 cm3) filled with87Rb vapor and a buffer gas argon (a pressure of about 95 Torr). In particular, the theoretically predicted resonance narrowing with increasing light field intensity has been experimentally observed. A configuration for magneto-optical resonance excitation suggested here may be applied in quantum magnetometry to measure weak permanent magnetic fields and resonance microwave fields using cells filled with alkali metal vapor.

DOI
10.31857/s0044451023080163

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Double Radio-Optical Resonance in the Hanle Configuration under the Excitation of the D1 Absorption Line in Alkali Metal Atoms

Denis V. Brazhnikov, Vasily M. Entin, I. I. Ryabtsev

Abstract The absorption of a light wave interacting with optical transitions in the D1 line of an alkali metal atom subjected to microwave radiation that is in resonance with magnetic dipole transitions between hyperfine ground-state components, has been investigated. It is known that when scanning a longitudinal magnetic field (B || k, where k is the wavevector), one may observe a magneto-optical resonance due to the ground-state Hanle effect. In addition, the effect of double radio-optical resonance takes place because of the presence of the resonance microwave field. The joint influence of these effects on the formation of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in light wave absorption has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown analytically that the effects compete with each other and destructively act on the resonance formation. As a result, the amplitude of the resonance is small and its shape is complicated. However, in the presence of a buffer gas the pressure of which is such that the hyperfine splitting of the ground state remains spectrally unresolved, it becomes possible to observe a magneto-optical resonance with a relatively large amplitude. Experiments have been carried out with the use of a miniature glass cell (V ~ 0.1 cm3) filled with 87Rb vapor and a buffer gas argon (a pressure of about 95 Torr). In particular, the theoretically predicted resonance narrowing with increasing light field intensity has been experimentally observed. A configuration for magneto-optical resonance excitation suggested here may be applied in quantum magnetometry to measure weak permanent magnetic fields and resonance microwave fields using cells filled with alkali metal vapor.

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The method for observing the high-contrast and narrow-width resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration under counterpropagating light waves is proposed. We theoretically analyze the absorption of a probe light wave in presence of counterpropagating one with the same frequency as the function of a static magnetic field applied along the vectors of light waves, propagating in a vapour cell. Here, as an example, we study a "dark" type of atomic dipole transition Fg=1-->Fe=1 in D1 line of 87Rb, where usually the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed. To obtain the EIA signal one should proper chose the polarizations of light waves and intensities. In contrast of regular schemes for observing EIA signals (in a single travelling light wave in the Hanle configuration or in a bichromatic light field consisted of two travelling waves), the proposed scheme allows one to use buffer gas to significantly enhance properties of the resonance. Also the dramatic influence of atomic transition openness on contrast of the resonance is revealed, that gives great advantage in comparison with cyclic atomic transitions. The obtained results can be interesting in high-resolution spectroscopy, nonlinear and magneto-optics.

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The ultra-narrow resonances, obtained in the coherent spectroscopy of alkali atoms, originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. In the case of a single frequency, near-resonant excitation and a suitable geometry of irradiation and observation by scanning a weak magnetic field, one observes coherent population trapping in a Hanle - configuration. The laser field transfers the nonlinear interference resonances created in the degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the ground states to the upper level. As a result, the well-known ground state Hanle - effect is observed in the fluorescence. We investigated theoretically and experimentally the shape, amplitude and sign of these resonances and their dependence on the excitation and registration conditions. The experiment was performed on the D1 87Rb line. Results of the computations were compared with the measurements for corresponding experimental conditions.

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Effect of a stray magnetic field on nonlinear magneto-optical resonances observed in the geometry of counter-propagating light waves

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Bright and dark nonlinear magneto-optical resonances associated with the ground state Hanle effect have been studied experimentally and theoretically for ${D}_{1}$ excitation of atomic cesium. This system offers the advantage that the separation between the different hyperfine levels exceeds the Doppler width, and hence transitions between individual levels can be studied separately. At the same time, the system retains the advantages offered by ordinary glass cells, including simplicity and subnatural width Hanle resonances. Experimental measurements for various laser power densities and transit relaxation times are compared with a model based on the optical Bloch equations, which averages over the Doppler contour of the absorption line and simultaneously takes into account all hyperfine levels, as well as mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field. In contrast to previous studies, which could not resolve the hyperfine transitions because of Doppler broadening, in this study there is excellent agreement between experiment and theory regarding the sign (bright or dark), contrast and width of the resonance. The results support the traditional theoretical interpretation, according to which these effects are related to the relative strengths of transition probabilities between different magnetic sublevels in a given hyperfine transition.

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Coherent magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line in modified hanle configuration for magnetometry applications

S. Tsvetkov, C. Andreeva, S. Gateva

Experimental investigation of magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line with λ=766.7 nm from the point of view of magnetometry applications is reported. The resonances are registered in a modified Hanle effect configuration based on counterpropagating pump and probe laser beams with orthogonal linear polarizations in a buffer gas cell with dimensions (diameter and length) of 8 mm. The amplitude, width, and contrast of the resonances registered in fluorescence and transmission are measured. The transformation of the bright magneto-optical resonances detected in fluorescence to dark ones by controlling the optical thickness of potassium vapor is analyzed. The influence of the laser intensity, buffer gas, and transverse magnetic field are considered. The experimental results show the system’s potential for magnetic field sensing and self-calibration.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2024•0 citations
The absorption of a light wave interacting with optical transitions in the D1line of an alkali metal atom subjected to microwave radiation that is in resonance with magnetic dipole transitions between hyperfine ground-state components, has been investigated. It is known that when scanning a longitudinal magnetic field (B||k, wherekis the wavevector), one may observe a magneto-optical resonance due to the ground-state Hanle effect. In addition, the effect of double radio-optical resonance takes place because of the presence of the resonance microwave field. The joint influence of these effects on the formation of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in light wave absorption has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown analytically that the effects compete with each other and destructively act on the resonance formation. As a result, the amplitude of the resonance is small and its shape is complicated. However, in the presence of a buffer gas the pressure of which is such that the hyperfine splitting of the ground state remains spectrally unresolved, it becomes possible to observe a magneto-optical resonance with a relatively large amplitude. Experiments have been carried out with the use of a miniature glass cell (V~ 0.1 cm3) filled with87Rb vapor and a buffer gas argon (a pressure of about 95 Torr). In particular, the theoretically predicted resonance narrowing with increasing light field intensity has been experimentally observed. A configuration for magneto-optical resonance excitation suggested here may be applied in quantum magnetometry to measure weak permanent magnetic fields and resonance microwave fields using cells filled with alkali metal vapor.
Abstract The absorption of a light wave interacting with optical transitions in the D1 line of an alkali metal atom subjected to microwave radiation that is in resonance with magnetic dipole transitions between hyperfine ground-state components, has been investigated. It is known that when scanning a longitudinal magnetic field (B || k, where k is the wavevector), one may observe a magneto-optical resonance due to the ground-state Hanle effect. In addition, the effect of double radio-optical resonance takes place because of the presence of the resonance microwave field. The joint influence of these effects on the formation of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in light wave absorption has been studied theoretically and experimentally. It has been shown analytically that the effects compete with each other and destructively act on the resonance formation. As a result, the amplitude of the resonance is small and its shape is complicated. However, in the presence of a buffer gas the pressure of which is such that the hyperfine splitting of the ground state remains spectrally unresolved, it becomes possible to observe a magneto-optical resonance with a relatively large amplitude. Experiments have been carried out with the use of a miniature glass cell (V ~ 0.1 cm3) filled with 87Rb vapor and a buffer gas argon (a pressure of about 95 Torr). In particular, the theoretically predicted resonance narrowing with increasing light field intensity has been experimentally observed. A configuration for magneto-optical resonance excitation suggested here may be applied in quantum magnetometry to measure weak permanent magnetic fields and resonance microwave fields using cells filled with alkali metal vapor.
The method for observing the high-contrast and narrow-width resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration under counterpropagating light waves is proposed. We theoretically analyze the absorption of a probe light wave in presence of counterpropagating one with the same frequency as the function of a static magnetic field applied along the vectors of light waves, propagating in a vapour cell. Here, as an example, we study a "dark" type of atomic dipole transition Fg=1-->Fe=1 in D1 line of 87Rb, where usually the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed. To obtain the EIA signal one should proper chose the polarizations of light waves and intensities. In contrast of regular schemes for observing EIA signals (in a single travelling light wave in the Hanle configuration or in a bichromatic light field consisted of two travelling waves), the proposed scheme allows one to use buffer gas to significantly enhance properties of the resonance. Also the dramatic influence of atomic transition openness on contrast of the resonance is revealed, that gives great advantage in comparison with cyclic atomic transitions. The obtained results can be interesting in high-resolution spectroscopy, nonlinear and magneto-optics.
The ultra-narrow resonances, obtained in the coherent spectroscopy of alkali atoms, originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. In the case of a single frequency, near-resonant excitation and a suitable geometry of irradiation and observation by scanning a weak magnetic field, one observes coherent population trapping in a Hanle - configuration. The laser field transfers the nonlinear interference resonances created in the degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the ground states to the upper level. As a result, the well-known ground state Hanle - effect is observed in the fluorescence. We investigated theoretically and experimentally the shape, amplitude and sign of these resonances and their dependence on the excitation and registration conditions. The experiment was performed on the D1 87Rb line. Results of the computations were compared with the measurements for corresponding experimental conditions.
Magneto-optical resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in a cell filled with the vapor of alkali atoms and buffer gas are considered. The atoms are excited using a configuration of electromagnetic fields composed of two counter-propagating linearly polarized light waves and a static magnetic field. We focus on the influence of the residual magnetic field on the parameters of nonlinear resonances. In real experiments, a residual field is always present in the cell due to imperfect magnetic-field shielding. On the basis of calculations, we formulate practical recommendations for controlling the residual magnetic field in the experiments aimed at observation of high-quality EIA resonances. The results from this work can find application in quantum magnetometry and nonlinear optics.
Bright and dark nonlinear magneto-optical resonances associated with the ground state Hanle effect have been studied experimentally and theoretically for D1{D}_{1}D1​ excitation of atomic cesium. This system offers the advantage that the separation between the different hyperfine levels exceeds the Doppler width, and hence transitions between individual levels can be studied separately. At the same time, the system retains the advantages offered by ordinary glass cells, including simplicity and subnatural width Hanle resonances. Experimental measurements for various laser power densities and transit relaxation times are compared with a model based on the optical Bloch equations, which averages over the Doppler contour of the absorption line and simultaneously takes into account all hyperfine levels, as well as mixing of magnetic sublevels in an external magnetic field. In contrast to previous studies, which could not resolve the hyperfine transitions because of Doppler broadening, in this study there is excellent agreement between experiment and theory regarding the sign (bright or dark), contrast and width of the resonance. The results support the traditional theoretical interpretation, according to which these effects are related to the relative strengths of transition probabilities between different magnetic sublevels in a given hyperfine transition.
Experimental investigation of magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line with λ=766.7 nm from the point of view of magnetometry applications is reported. The resonances are registered in a modified Hanle effect configuration based on counterpropagating pump and probe laser beams with orthogonal linear polarizations in a buffer gas cell with dimensions (diameter and length) of 8 mm. The amplitude, width, and contrast of the resonances registered in fluorescence and transmission are measured. The transformation of the bright magneto-optical resonances detected in fluorescence to dark ones by controlling the optical thickness of potassium vapor is analyzed. The influence of the laser intensity, buffer gas, and transverse magnetic field are considered. The experimental results show the system’s potential for magnetic field sensing and self-calibration.