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AIP conference proceedings

Coherent magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line in modified hanle configuration for magnetometry applications

S. Tsvetkov, C. Andreeva, S. Gateva

Published Jan 1, 2024• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental investigation of magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line with λ=766.7 nm from the point of view of magnetometry applications is reported. The resonances are registered in a modified Hanle effect configuration based on counterpropagating pump and probe laser beams with orthogonal linear polarizations in a buffer gas cell with dimensions (diameter and length) of 8 mm. The amplitude, width, and contrast of the resonances registered in fluorescence and transmission are measured. The transformation of the bright magneto-optical resonances detected in fluorescence to dark ones by controlling the optical thickness of potassium vapor is analyzed. The influence of the laser intensity, buffer gas, and transverse magnetic field are considered. The experimental results show the system’s potential for magnetic field sensing and self-calibration.

DOI
10.1063/5.0222711

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Experimental investigation of magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line with λ=766.7 nm from the point of view of magnetometry applications is reported. The resonances are registered in a modified Hanle effect configuration based on counterpropagating pump and probe laser beams with orthogonal linear polarizations in a buffer gas cell with dimensions (diameter and length) of 8 mm. The amplitude, width, and contrast of the resonances registered in fluorescence and transmission are measured. The transformation of the bright magneto-optical resonances detected in fluorescence to dark ones by controlling the optical thickness of potassium vapor is analyzed. The influence of the laser intensity, buffer gas, and transverse magnetic field are considered. The experimental results show the system’s potential for magnetic field sensing and self-calibration.
Abstract The coherent magneto-optical resonances on the potassium D2 line are investigated from the point of view of magnetometry applications. The measurements are performed in Hanle configuration with potassium excited by circularly polarized laser beam in cell with dimensions 8 mm and buffer gas 30 Torr Ne. The parameters of the resonances registered in fluorescence and transmission are compared. The capability of the laser system to work with magnetically unshielded cell is demonstrated. The registration of bright and dark magneto-optical resonances detected in fluorescence by controlling the optical thickness of potassium vapor is discussed. The influence of the laser power and transverse magnetic field are considered. The experimental results show the potential of the system for magnetic field sensing and calibration.
Abstract In this communication, we present experimental results on the preparation of magneto-optical resonances in potassium. The magneto-optical resonances are registered in Hanle configuration, i.e. monitoring the atomic fluorescence vs the applied magnetic field scanned around zero value. The excitation of the second resonance line with a wavelength of 404.4 nm leads both to direct fluorescence at 404.4 nm and to a cascade decay with fluorescence at 770.1 nm and 764.5 nm (first resonance line transitions). This transfer is evidenced by the registration of a narrow magneto-optical resonance in the fluorescence. It should also be noted that even after multiple cascade transitions, the resonance observed on the infrared lines has a much better signal/noise ratio compared to that on the excited second resonance line. Therefore, the study of these sub-Doppler-width magneto-optical resonances in hot potassium vapor will be useful for the further development of high-resolution magneto-optical laser spectroscopy.
We present the results of an experimental as well as a theoretical study of nonlinear magneto-optical resonances in diatomic potassium molecules in the electronic ground state with large values of the angular momentum quantum number $J\ensuremath{\sim}100$. At zero magnetic field, the absorption transitions are suppressed because of population trapping in the ground state due to Zeeman coherences between magnetic sublevels of this state along with depopulation pumping. The destruction of such coherences in an external magnetic field was used to study the resonances in this work. K2{}_{2}2​ molecules were formed in a glass cell filled with potassium metal at a temperature above 150 ${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$C. The cell was placed in an oven and was located in a homogeneous magnetic field B, which was scanned from 0 to 0.7 T. QQQ-type and RRR-type transitions were excited with a tunable, single-mode diode laser with a central wavelength of 660 nm. Well-pronounced nonlinear Hanle effect signals were observed in the intensities of the linearly polarized components of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detected in the direction parallel to the B field with polarization vectors parallel (Ipar{I}_{\text{par}}Ipar​) and perpendicular (Iper{I}_{\text{per}}Iper​) to the polarization vector of the exciting laser radiation, which was orthogonal to B. The intensities of the LIF components were detected for different experimental parameters, such as laser power density and vapor temperature, in order to compare them with numerical simulations that were based on the optical Bloch equations for the density matrix. We report good agreement of our measurements with numerical simulations. Narrow, subnatural linewidth dark resonances in Iper(B){I}_{\text{per}}(B)Iper​(B) were detected and explained.
Nonlinear resonances in alkali metal vapor, which are detected by the magneto-optical rotation of the linear polarization of light, are actively used in quantum magnetometry to fabricate atomic magnetometers. The magneto-optical rotation in most such sensors is due to magnetic birefringence, and rotation angles usually do not exceed tens of milliradians. In this work, an experiment where magneto-optical resonances of linear polarization rotation of a probe wave are due to strong dichroism induced in a medium by a counterpropagating pump wave has been proposed. Both waves are in resonance with the Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 optical transition in the 87Rb D1 line (λ ≈ 795 nm). Experiments have been carried out with a 2-cm-long cylindrical cell filled with a buffer gas, and the maximum rotation angle is ≈390 mrad (22°) at a width of resonance of about 300 nT. The results show that the configuration proposed for the observation of magneto-optical rotation is promising for the fabrication of compact high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers.
Nonlinear resonances in alkali metal vapor, which are detected by the magneto-optical rotation of the linear polarization of light, are actively used in quantum magnetometry to fabricate atomic magnetometers. The magneto-optical rotation in most such sensors is due to magnetic birefringence, and rotation angles usually do not exceed tens of milliradians. In this work, an experiment where magneto-optical resonances of linear polarization rotation of a probe wave are due to strong dichroism induced in a medium by a counterpropagating pump wave has been proposed. Both waves are in resonance with the Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 optical transition in the 87Rb D1 line (λ ≈ 795 nm). Experiments have been carried out with a 2-cm-long cylindrical cell filled with a buffer gas, and the maximum rotation angle is ≈390 mrad (22°) at a width of resonance of about 300 nT. The results show that the configuration proposed for the observation of magneto-optical rotation is promising for the fabrication of compact high-sensitivity atomic magnetometers.
We report on magneto-optical resonances observed in sodium fluorescence from D2 manifold with an intensity-modulated light. Fluorescence resonances are measured in the perpendicular (90°) and backward (180°) directions to the light propagation in laboratory experiments using a sodium cell containing neon buffer gas. Properties of these resonances are studied by varying the magnetic field at fixed-light modulation frequency, and vice-versa. Modulation with low-duty cycle shows higher-harmonic resonances of the modulation frequency and sub-harmonic resonances of the Larmor frequency. A dark resonance with maximum amplitude for laser wavelength closer to the crossover peak is observed. The origin of this dark resonance observed in Na D2 line is discussed using a theoretical model. Present study is aimed towards improving the understanding of magneto-optical resonances for remote magnetometry applications with mesospheric sodium.