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AIP conference proceedings

Peculiarities of the nonlinear magneto-optical fluorescence resonances in a paraffin-coated 87Rb cell

Emilia A. Alipieva, Elena T. Taskova, В. А. Полищук, G. Todorov

Published Jan 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The ultra-narrow resonances, obtained in the coherent spectroscopy of alkali atoms, originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. In the case of a single frequency, near-resonant excitation and a suitable geometry of irradiation and observation by scanning a weak magnetic field, one observes coherent population trapping in a Hanle - configuration. The laser field transfers the nonlinear interference resonances created in the degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the ground states to the upper level. As a result, the well-known ground state Hanle - effect is observed in the fluorescence. We investigated theoretically and experimentally the shape, amplitude and sign of these resonances and their dependence on the excitation and registration conditions. The experiment was performed on the D1 87Rb line. Results of the computations were compared with the measurements for corresponding experimental conditions.

DOI
10.1063/1.5091157

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The ultra-narrow resonances, obtained in the coherent spectroscopy of alkali atoms, originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. In the case of a single frequency, near-resonant excitation and a suitable geometry of irradiation and observation by scanning a weak magnetic field, one observes coherent population trapping in a Hanle - configuration. The laser field transfers the nonlinear interference resonances created in the degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the ground states to the upper level. As a result, the well-known ground state Hanle - effect is observed in the fluorescence. We investigated theoretically and experimentally the shape, amplitude and sign of these resonances and their dependence on the excitation and registration conditions. The experiment was performed on the D1 87Rb line. Results of the computations were compared with the measurements for corresponding experimental conditions.
In this work we investigate the magneto-optical resonance on 87Rb D1 line. In two-level degenerated system this resonance is due to the interference between the Zeeman sub-levels, created by interaction of resonance linear polarized laser beam with the atoms. The observed signal is detected by sweeping magnetic field B around its zero value. This phenomenon is also known as a Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) in Hanle-configuration. In a coated vacuum cell the fluorescence signal has a complex form, because the anti-relaxation coating preserves the created coherence, having different relaxation rates. The ground state coherence is transmitted by the laser field to the upper level; thereby polarization moments with different rank contribute to the fluorescence. The manifestation of the different polarization moments in the observed signal depends on the geometry of the experiment – direction of observation, plane of the laser polarization, polarization of the registered light. The resonances obtained in the fluorescence having different polarization are compared in order to clear up what are the contributions to the fluorescent signal from the polarization moments with different rank. The experiment is performed on the D1 87Rb line, F=2→ F=1 transition in a paraffin-coated cell. The magneto-optical resonances, detected in two orthogonal polarizations are measured. Numerical calculations with parameters, close to the experimental ones are performed by using a program, which is based on the irreducible tensor operator formalism. The results of the modelling are compared with the measured ones at different experimental conditions.
The ultra narrow resonances, obtained by means of polarization spectroscopy of alkali atoms, originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. In the case of single-frequency, near resonance excitation and suitable geometry the well-known ground state Hanle effect is observed. Coherent population trapping in Hanle configuration is a nonlinear modification of this effect, observed in the fluorescence from the upper level. The ground state coherence is transmitted from the laser field and higher rank polarization moments are created. Using the irreducible tensor operator formal- ism programs for numerical modelling of this effect has been developed and presented here. The velocity distribution of the atoms, the Gaussian distribu- tion of the laser beam, stray magnetic field, and the experimental geometry are taken into account. The scheme of conversion of the octupole (� = 3) and hex- adecapole (� = 4) polarization moments (PM) through the laser and magnetic fields into the upper level quadropoles f 2 q is proposed. The conversion of the high-rank polarization moments (PM) into observable components is also dis- cussed. The results of the modelling are compared with the measured ones at different experimental conditions.
The ultra-narrow resonances achieved in coherent spectroscopy of alkali atoms originate from the destruction of the laser-induced coherence in the ground state. An anti relaxation cell coating preserves the coherence created and, consequently, the resonance narrows by almost two orders of magnitude. Coherence resonances are used in magnetic field sensors, atomic clocks, quantum informatics, ets. In this work, we investigate the features of the CPT resonance on the D1 87 Rb line obtained in fluorescence in paraffin coated cells. The transformation from a black to a bright resonance is found to depend on the laser power and the experimental geometry.
The nonlinear Hanle effect is generally considered in the modern literature as a particular case of coherent population trapping (CPT) at degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the ground atomic state. The shape, amplitude, and sign of observed resonances and their dependence on the excitation parameters and observation geometry were investigated theoretically and experimentally in many studies because of the wide range of application of this effect. The sensitivity of Hanle resonances to the experimental conditions increases significantly in cells with antirelaxation coating, because the atomic ensemble retains its coherence after a large number of collisions with the cell walls. In this paper, the main attention is paid to the joint influence of the excitation radiation intensity and spurious magnetic fields on CPT resonances observed in fluorescence. The theoretical description is based on the numerical solution of an algebraic system of equations for density matrix ρ^\hat {\rho }ρ^​ in the formalism of irreducible tensor operators. The parameters relating different polarization moments in each equation are visualized using the modified sparse matrix of the system. It is established by numerical simulation that the shape, width, amplitude, and sign of nonlinear magnetooptical resonances change nonmonotonically with a change in the parameters of the excitation radiation and atomic system. The presented theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained under various conditions.
We present the results of an experimental as well as a theoretical study of nonlinear magneto-optical resonances in diatomic potassium molecules in the electronic ground state with large values of the angular momentum quantum number $J\ensuremath{\sim}100$. At zero magnetic field, the absorption transitions are suppressed because of population trapping in the ground state due to Zeeman coherences between magnetic sublevels of this state along with depopulation pumping. The destruction of such coherences in an external magnetic field was used to study the resonances in this work. K2{}_{2}2​ molecules were formed in a glass cell filled with potassium metal at a temperature above 150 ${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$C. The cell was placed in an oven and was located in a homogeneous magnetic field B, which was scanned from 0 to 0.7 T. QQQ-type and RRR-type transitions were excited with a tunable, single-mode diode laser with a central wavelength of 660 nm. Well-pronounced nonlinear Hanle effect signals were observed in the intensities of the linearly polarized components of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detected in the direction parallel to the B field with polarization vectors parallel (Ipar{I}_{\text{par}}Ipar​) and perpendicular (Iper{I}_{\text{per}}Iper​) to the polarization vector of the exciting laser radiation, which was orthogonal to B. The intensities of the LIF components were detected for different experimental parameters, such as laser power density and vapor temperature, in order to compare them with numerical simulations that were based on the optical Bloch equations for the density matrix. We report good agreement of our measurements with numerical simulations. Narrow, subnatural linewidth dark resonances in Iper(B){I}_{\text{per}}(B)Iper​(B) were detected and explained.
An investigation is reported of coherent resonance in the degenerate two-level system of the (Fg = 2 --> Fe = 1) transition of the 87Rb D1 line by means of a Hanle effect configuration. In a coherent population trapping experiment, a very narrow (approximately 1-kHz) resonance superimposed upon a broader resonance (approximately 100 kHz) was observed. The dependence of the width and the amplitude of the coherent resonance on the laser power density, on additional constant magnetic fields, on the laser frequency position along the fluorescence profile, and on Rb cells with different dimensions was investigated.