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Acta Physica Sinica

Observation of the avoided crossing of Cs Rydberg Stark states

Limei Wang, Hao Zhang, Changyong Li, Jianming Zhao, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Jan 1, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Stark effect of ultra-cold Cs Rydberg atom is investigated in a magneto-optical trap, and the avoided crossing between nS state and (n-4) manifold is observed. The ion spectrum near the avoided crossing is obtained by using state-selective field pulse ionization technique. By changing the intensity of the applied electric field, we find that the relative intensities of two Stark states near the avoided crossing exchange obviously. Furthermore, state transfer from nS Rydberg state to high-l state due to the avoided crossing is also obtained.

DOI
10.7498/aps.62.013201

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The Stark effect of ultra-cold Cs Rydberg atom is investigated in a magneto-optical trap, and the avoided crossing between nS state and (n-4) manifold is observed. The ion spectrum near the avoided crossing is obtained by using state-selective field pulse ionization technique. By changing the intensity of the applied electric field, we find that the relative intensities of two Stark states near the avoided crossing exchange obviously. Furthermore, state transfer from nS Rydberg state to high-l state due to the avoided crossing is also obtained.
The state transfer of nS Rydberg atoms induced by external pulsed electric field has been investigated. Cold nS Rydberg atoms are prepared by the two-photon transition and the selective field-ionization method is used to detect the Rydberg atoms and "P" state due to the state mixing. The avoided crossing of nS and (n-4) manifold is studied and the dependence of the state transfer rate on the strength of pulsed field is obtained. Experimental result is interpreted by using Stark effect of electric field and it shows consistency between experiment and calculation.
The high-l Rydberg Stark states are populated by the state transfer from initial prepared nS Rydberg state via avoided crossings induced by a weak electric-field pulse, and investigated by the state selective field ionization method in a cesium standard magneto-optical trap. The dependences of the transfer rate, given by the ratio of the number of high-l Stark states to all atoms, on the strength and holding time of electric-field pulse are investigated and compared with those with additional ions. The results show that the time evolution of high-l Stark states strongly depends on the electric-field strength, and is affected by the additional ions at relatively weaker field (1.51 V/cm here). The density of Rydberg atoms has a minor effect on the characteristic time of evolution process.
The lll-mixing effect and state-transfer induced by an external electric field pulse in ultracold Rydberg gases are observed with cesium atoms excited to nS\mathit{nS}nS states, and measured with a state selective field ionization technique. High-lll states are populated from the initially excited nS\mathit{nS}nS states due to non-adiabatic transitions through avoided crossings that are formed between the nS\mathit{nS}nS state and the ($n\ensuremath{-}4$) manifold. The population of the product state is investigated as a function of the electric field pulse parameters. The coherent property of the transfer is demonstrated using a 2-pulse sequence and the results are consistent with the theoretical calculations. This lll-mixing phenomenon in the electric field may be used to help forming a molecular potential and create Rydberg molecules.
State-mixing effect of ultracold nS cesium Rydberg atoms in an external electric field is investigated in a magneto-optical trap. Populated high-l Rydberg atoms due to the state-mixing through avoided crossings are measured with a state-selective field ionization technique. The measured transfer rates of high-l states increase with the electric field and get to the maximum at the field of about 3.0 V/cm for 49S1/2 Rydberg state, and show decrease behavior when the electric field increases further. The decrease behavior of the transfer rate is explained with the slower m-mixing effect caused by decreasing dipole–dipole interactions between high-l Rydberg atoms. During the m-mixing process the ultracold plasma is formed by the Penning ionization.
We report the observation of cold Cs Rydberg atom molecules bound at internuclear separations of R~3-9 um. The bound states result from avoided crossings between Rydberg atom pair interaction potentials in an applied electric field. The molecular states can be modified by changing the applied electric field. The molecules are observed by mapping the radial separation of the two Rydberg atoms as a function of time delay between excitation and detection using the Coulomb repulsion of the ions after pulsed field ionization. Measurements were performed for 63D+65D, 64D+66D, 65D+67D, and 66D+68D pairs. The experiment is in good agreement with calculations of the pair interactions for these states.
We have measured the avoided crossings between the Cs (n+4)s states and the lowest three members of the adjacent n Stark manifold for 20<or=n<or=24 using a novel technique based on the differences in the pulsed field ionization of the states under study. The measured positions of the avoided crossings are in excellent agreement with values calculated by matrix diagonalization, and the experimentally determined widths of the avoided crossings, which range from 29 to 78 MHz, are in reasonable agreement with the calculated values.