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Physical Review A

Stark-induced L -mixing interferences in ultracold cesium Rydberg atoms

Hao Zhang, Limei Wang, Linjie Zhang, Changyong Li, Liantuan Xiao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia, Patrick Cheinet, D. Comparat, P. Pillet

Published Mar 5, 2013• 15 citations

Abstract

The $l$-mixing effect and state-transfer induced by an external electric field pulse in ultracold Rydberg gases are observed with cesium atoms excited to $\mathit{nS}$ states, and measured with a state selective field ionization technique. High-$l$ states are populated from the initially excited $\mathit{nS}$ states due to non-adiabatic transitions through avoided crossings that are formed between the $\mathit{nS}$ state and the ($n\ensuremath{-}4$) manifold. The population of the product state is investigated as a function of the electric field pulse parameters. The coherent property of the transfer is demonstrated using a 2-pulse sequence and the results are consistent with the theoretical calculations. This $l$-mixing phenomenon in the electric field may be used to help forming a molecular potential and create Rydberg molecules.

DOI: 10.1103/physreva.87.033405

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The

l

-mixing effect and state-transfer induced by an external electric field pulse in ultracold Rydberg gases are observed with cesium atoms excited to

\mathit{nS}

states, and measured with a state selective field ionization technique. High-

l

states are populated from the initially excited

\mathit{nS}

states due to non-adiabatic transitions through avoided crossings that are formed between the

\mathit{nS}

state and the (

n\ensuremath{-}4

) manifold. The population of the product state is investigated as a function of the electric field pulse parameters. The coherent property of the transfer is demonstrated using a 2-pulse sequence and the results are consistent with the theoretical calculations. This

l

-mixing phenomenon in the electric field may be used to help forming a molecular potential and create Rydberg molecules.

State-mixing effect of ultracold nS cesium Rydberg atoms in an external electric field is investigated in a magneto-optical trap. Populated high-l Rydberg atoms due to the state-mixing through avoided crossings are measured with a state-selective field ionization technique. The measured transfer rates of high-l states increase with the electric field and get to the maximum at the field of about 3.0 V/cm for 49S1/2 Rydberg state, and show decrease behavior when the electric field increases further. The decrease behavior of the transfer rate is explained with the slower m-mixing effect caused by decreasing dipole–dipole interactions between high-l Rydberg atoms. During the m-mixing process the ultracold plasma is formed by the Penning ionization.

The state transfer of nS Rydberg atoms induced by external pulsed electric field has been investigated. Cold nS Rydberg atoms are prepared by the two-photon transition and the selective field-ionization method is used to detect the Rydberg atoms and "P" state due to the state mixing. The avoided crossing of nS and (n-4) manifold is studied and the dependence of the state transfer rate on the strength of pulsed field is obtained. Experimental result is interpreted by using Stark effect of electric field and it shows consistency between experiment and calculation.

The high-l Rydberg Stark states are populated by the state transfer from initial prepared nS Rydberg state via avoided crossings induced by a weak electric-field pulse, and investigated by the state selective field ionization method in a cesium standard magneto-optical trap. The dependences of the transfer rate, given by the ratio of the number of high-l Stark states to all atoms, on the strength and holding time of electric-field pulse are investigated and compared with those with additional ions. The results show that the time evolution of high-l Stark states strongly depends on the electric-field strength, and is affected by the additional ions at relatively weaker field (1.51 V/cm here). The density of Rydberg atoms has a minor effect on the characteristic time of evolution process.

The Stark effect of ultra-cold Cs Rydberg atom is investigated in a magneto-optical trap, and the avoided crossing between nS state and (n-4) manifold is observed. The ion spectrum near the avoided crossing is obtained by using state-selective field pulse ionization technique. By changing the intensity of the applied electric field, we find that the relative intensities of two Stark states near the avoided crossing exchange obviously. Furthermore, state transfer from nS Rydberg state to high-l state due to the avoided crossing is also obtained.

Ultracold cesium n S ( n =60–70) Rydberg atoms are prepared using the two-photon scheme in a magneto-optical trap (MOT). The number of resonant Rydberg atoms is measured by the pulsed field ionization technique, and the dependences of the Rydberg signal on excitation duration and external DC electric field are investigated. The excitation dynamics and blockade effects due to long-range interactions are obtained. The effect of external electric field on Rydberg excitation is also investigated, and the experimental result shows an enhanced blockade with a weak external electric field.

The passage of cold cesium 49S Rydberg atoms through an electric-field-induced multi-level avoided crossing with nearby hydrogen-like Rydberg levels is employed to prepare a cold, dipolar Rydberg atom gas. When the electric field is ramped through the avoided crossing on time scales on the order of 100 ns or slower, the 49S population adiabatically transitions into high- l Rydberg Stark states. The adiabatic state transformation results in a cold gas of Rydberg atoms with large electric dipole moments. After a waiting time of about 1 μ s and at sufficient atom density, the adiabatically transformed highly dipolar atoms become undetectable, enabling us to discern adiabatic from diabatic passage behavior through the avoided crossing. We attribute the state-selectivity to m -mixing collisions between the dipolar atoms. The data interpretation is supported by numerical simulations of the passage dynamics and of binary m -mixing collisions.