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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Anticrossing spectroscopy of Cs Rydberg states

P. Nosbaum, A Bleton, L. Cabaret, Jia Yu, Thomas F. Gallagher, P. Pillet

Published May 14, 1995• 16 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have measured the avoided crossings between the Cs (n+4)s states and the lowest three members of the adjacent n Stark manifold for 20<or=n<or=24 using a novel technique based on the differences in the pulsed field ionization of the states under study. The measured positions of the avoided crossings are in excellent agreement with values calculated by matrix diagonalization, and the experimentally determined widths of the avoided crossings, which range from 29 to 78 MHz, are in reasonable agreement with the calculated values.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/28/9/009

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Anticrossing Spectroscopy of Rydberg Atoms Using Blackbody Radiation

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We report the observation of anticrossing signals arising from the interaction of 300-K blackbody radiation with Rydberg atoms near avoided crossings of Stark levels. The role of the blackbody radiation is roughly analogous to that of the resonance fluorescence in traditional anticrossing spectroscopy. We present preliminary results for avoided crossings of $\mathrm{ns}$ states with $n\ensuremath{-}2$ Stark states in potassium for $n$ in the range 18-21.

Physical Review Letters•Dec 2, 1985•21 citations
We have measured the avoided crossings between the Cs (n+4)s states and the lowest three members of the adjacent n Stark manifold for 20<or=n<or=24 using a novel technique based on the differences in the pulsed field ionization of the states under study. The measured positions of the avoided crossings are in excellent agreement with values calculated by matrix diagonalization, and the experimentally determined widths of the avoided crossings, which range from 29 to 78 MHz, are in reasonable agreement with the calculated values.
The Stark effect of ultra-cold Cs Rydberg atom is investigated in a magneto-optical trap, and the avoided crossing between nS state and (n-4) manifold is observed. The ion spectrum near the avoided crossing is obtained by using state-selective field pulse ionization technique. By changing the intensity of the applied electric field, we find that the relative intensities of two Stark states near the avoided crossing exchange obviously. Furthermore, state transfer from nS Rydberg state to high-l state due to the avoided crossing is also obtained.
The avoided crossings in an electric field of K s and p states with the nearly hydrogenic Stark manifold states have been investigated using 300-K blackbody radiation. Anticrossings between states of the same \ensuremath{\Vert}mj{m}_{j}mj​\ensuremath{\Vert} for which the \ensuremath{\Vert}ml{m}_{l}ml​\ensuremath{\Vert} values are the same or differ by one are encountered. The anticrossings between states of the same \ensuremath{\Vert}ml{m}_{l}ml​\ensuremath{\Vert} are quite wide as they are due to core penetration and polarization effects. The anticrossings for which \ensuremath{\Vert}ml{m}_{l}ml​\ensuremath{\Vert} differs by one are produced by the spin-orbit interaction and are accordingly quite small. We present results for the ns states for n in the range 18--29 and for the np states for n in the range 19--23.
We have presented a novel method to calculate the widths of the avoided crossings of Rydberg states in a static electric field. The widths of avoided crossings can be decided not directly connected by scanning the static field, but indirectly connected through the Stark electric dipole moments. The method is restricted to the case in which both the two relevant states have linear Stark shifts or only one of the two involved states has linear Stark shifts, but another has no Stark shift. As test examples, we calculated the widths of avoided crossings of Li, Na and K. The Stark electric dipole moments are determined by using the Stark state wavefunctions which are obtained from the diagonalization method at a fixed static electric field amplitude. The results are in excellent agreement with experimental and other theoretical data.
Two-photon Doppler-free spectroscopy has been used to measure Stark shifts of n2Sn^{2}Sn2S Rydberg states of 85Rb^{85}\mathrm{Rb}85Rb (for n=15to80n=15 \mathrm{to} 80n=15to80). Scalar polarizabilities ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}$ were found to obey the relation ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{0}[\mathrm{in}\mathrm{MHz}/{(\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm})}^{2}]=2.202(28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}{n}^{*6}+5.53(13)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}11}{n}^{*7}$, in good agreement with theoretical values. Avoided crossings were also determined, and first avoided crossings (with the $n\ensuremath{-}3$ manifold of levels) fitted the relation $E(\mathrm{in}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{cm})=4.638(6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{8}}{{n}^{*5}}+1.528(18)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\frac{{10}^{10}}{{n}^{*7}}$.
The spectra of Rydberg atoms in the domain of three-level avoided crossings formed by the Rydberg 49S1/249{S}_{1/2}49S1/2​ state and high-lll states in the n=45n=45n=45 manifold are observed in the standard magneto-optical trap of cesium. We develop a highly accurate method which uses the spectroscopic results in order to refine the quantum defect of the 49S1/249{S}_{1/2}49S1/2​ state from the previous value $4.0495\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.0001$ extrapolated from n=6−−30Sn=6--30\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}Sn=6−−30S states [K. H. Weber and C. J. Sansonetti, Phys. Rev. A 35, 4650 (1987)] to the new value $4.049\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}78\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.000\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}03$. For this purpose, we determine two characteristic properties of the avoided crossings: (i) the minimum gap between the upper and the lower levels, and (ii) the value of equal gaps between the upper and the middle levels and between the middle and the lower levels. The experimental results for the avoided crossing near 4 V/cm are (i) $(111.7\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.3)h\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$, and (ii) $(57.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.1)h\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}$. For comparison, quantum mechanical simulations based on the published quantum defect yield (i) 109.52hMHz109.52h\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}109.52hMHz, and (ii) 56.04hMHz56.04h\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}56.04hMHz. The refined quantum defect is adjusted such that it yields (i) 111.50hMHz111.50h\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}111.50hMHz, and (ii) 56.98hMHz56.98h\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MHz}56.98hMHz, in even better agreement with the experimental results. The theoretical values of the electric fields for (i) and (ii) differ by 0.03 V/cm, in perfect agreement with the experimental results. The refinement also improves the agreement of their absolute values. The remaining \ensuremath{\sim}1.5% difference is attributed to effects of stray fields.
We report the observation of anticrossing signals arising from the interaction of 300-K blackbody radiation with Rydberg atoms near avoided crossings of Stark levels. The role of the blackbody radiation is roughly analogous to that of the resonance fluorescence in traditional anticrossing spectroscopy. We present preliminary results for avoided crossings of ns\mathrm{ns}ns states with $n\ensuremath{-}2$ Stark states in potassium for nnn in the range 18-21.