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Fiber-assisted Single Photon Spectrograph

Malte Avenhaus, A. Eckstein, Peter J. Mosley, Christine Silberhorn

Published Jan 1, 2009• 92 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We demonstrate the implementation of a fiber-integrated spectrograph utilizing chromatic group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single-mode fiber. By means of GVD we stretch an ultrafast pulse in time in order to spectrally resolve single photons in the time domain, detected by single-photon counting modules with very accurate temporal resolution. As a result, the spectrum of a very weak pulse is recovered from a precise time measurement with high signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate the potential of our technique by applying our scheme to analyzing the joint spectral intensity distribution of a parametric downconversion source at a telecommunication wavelength. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America

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We demonstrate the implementation of a fiber-integrated spectrograph utilizing chromatic group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single-mode fiber. By means of GVD we stretch an ultrafast pulse in time in order to spectrally resolve single photons in the time domain, detected by single-photon counting modules with very accurate temporal resolution. As a result, the spectrum of a very weak pulse is recovered from a precise time measurement with high signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate the potential of our technique by applying our scheme to analyzing the joint spectral intensity distribution of a parametric downconversion source at a telecommunication wavelength. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
We demonstrate the implementation of a fiber-integrated spectrograph utilizing chromatic group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single-mode fiber. By means of GVD we stretch an ultrafast pulse in time in order to spectrally resolve single photons in the time domain, detected by single-photon counting modules with very accurate temporal resolution. As a result, the spectrum of a very weak pulse is recovered from a precise time measurement with high signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate the potential of our technique by applying our scheme to analyzing the joint spectral intensity distribution of a parametric downconversion source at a telecommunication wavelength.
An experimental detection scheme is demonstrated for directly measuring the spectrum of a parametric down-conversion (PDC) source by the use of a highly dispersive fibre. A temporally narrow pulse envelope is spectrally stretched in time by chromatic group velocity dispersion. In order to maximise this effect the high group velocity dispersion of a commercially available dispersion compensating fibre is employed. If the pulse contains only a single photon on average, detection with a conventional APD yields precise information about the arrival time of the photon at the end of the fiber. When carefully calibrated one can accurately reconstruct the original spectral distribution from the measured temporal distribution. Harnessing a single mode fiber for this type of spectrometer brings the benefits of low loss due to efficient guidance, simplicity of alignment and the necessity of only a single detector to scan the spectrum. A fibre assisted single photon spectrograph is employed to measure the correlation spectrum of a bi-photonic state. State generation is achieved by a type-II parametric downconversion process at 1550 nm in a KTP waveguide structure.
A fiber-integrated spectrometer for single-photon pulses outside the telecommunications wavelength range based upon frequency-to-time mapping, implemented by chromatic group delay dispersion (GDD), and precise temporally-resolved single-photon counting, is presented. A chirped fiber Bragg grating provides low-loss GDD, mapping the frequency distribution of an input pulse onto the temporal envelope of the output pulse. Time-resolved detection with fast single-photon-counting modules enables monitoring of a wavelength range from 825 nm to 835 nm with nearly uniform efficiency at 55 pm resolution (24 GHz at 830 nm). To demonstrate the versatility of this technique, spectral interference of heralded single photons and the joint spectral intensity distribution of a photon-pair source are measured. This approach to single-photon-level spectral measurements provides a route to realize applications of time-frequency quantum optics at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, where multiple spectral channels must be simultaneously monitored.
A nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping method based on the entangled photon sources is proposed for nonlocal wavelength measurement. In this approach, the spectrally modulated optical carrier from the signal path is detected the single-photon detector. The dispersive medium is applied on the idler path before the idler photons reaches another SPD. With the help of GVD, the frequency correlation is transformed to the correlation of arrival time, when observed in coincidence count. As a result, the spectral pattern of the signal photon can be nonlocally transformed into temporal shape, even though there is no dispersion in the signal path. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates the wavelength measurement around 1560 nm, with a resolution of 0.2 nm.
In this Letter, a hybrid frequency-time spectrograph combining a tunable optical filter and a dispersive element is presented for measurement of the spectral properties of the two-photon state. In comparison with the previous single-photon spectrograph utilizing the dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT) technique, this method is advanced since it avoids the need for additional wavelength calibration and the electronic laser trigger for coincidence measurement; therefore, its application is extended to continuous wave (CW) pumped two-photon sources. The achievable precision of the spectrum measurement has also been discussed in theory and demonstrated experimentally with a CW pumped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide-based spontaneous parametric down-conversion photon source. Such a device is expected to be a versatile tool for the characterization of the frequency entangled two-photon state.
A new type of single-photon spectrograph combining a tunable optical filter and a dispersive element is presented for measurement of the spectral properties of the two-photon state. In comparison with the previous single-photon spectrograph which is merely based on the dispersive Fourier transformation (DFT) technique, this scheme avoids the need for additional wavelength calibration and the electronic laser trigger for coincidence measurement; therefore, its application is extended to continuous wave (CW) pumped two-photon sources. The achievable precision of the spectrum measurement has also been discussed in theory and demonstrated experimentally with a CW pumped periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguide-based spontaneous parametric down conversion photon source. Such a device is expected to be a versatile tool for the characterization of the frequency entangled two-photon state.