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Real-time Photonic Measurements, Data Management, and Processing

Nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping

Ye Yang, Ming Li, Ruifang Dong, Xiao Xiang, Wei Li, Ning Hua Zhu, Tao Liu

Published Oct 9, 2020• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping method based on the entangled photon sources is proposed for nonlocal wavelength measurement. In this approach, the spectrally modulated optical carrier from the signal path is detected the single-photon detector. The dispersive medium is applied on the idler path before the idler photons reaches another SPD. With the help of GVD, the frequency correlation is transformed to the correlation of arrival time, when observed in coincidence count. As a result, the spectral pattern of the signal photon can be nonlocally transformed into temporal shape, even though there is no dispersion in the signal path. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates the wavelength measurement around 1560 nm, with a resolution of 0.2 nm.

DOI
10.1117/12.2573540

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A nonlocal wavelength-to-time mapping method based on the entangled photon sources is proposed for nonlocal wavelength measurement. In this approach, the spectrally modulated optical carrier from the signal path is detected the single-photon detector. The dispersive medium is applied on the idler path before the idler photons reaches another SPD. With the help of GVD, the frequency correlation is transformed to the correlation of arrival time, when observed in coincidence count. As a result, the spectral pattern of the signal photon can be nonlocally transformed into temporal shape, even though there is no dispersion in the signal path. A proof-of-concept experiment demonstrates the wavelength measurement around 1560 nm, with a resolution of 0.2 nm.
The dispersive wavelength to time mapping with the entangled photon source is an effective way of measuring the spectral information of the entangled photon pairs. This approach avoids the usage of spectral filtering equipment like the monochromator, which reduces the measuring time and the system’s complexity. The wavelength-to-time mapping method can be divided into local mapping and nonlocal mapping depending on whether the measurement utilizes the frequency correlation of the entangled photon pairs. For local mapping, the spectral information of signal photons is directly mapped to the time domain through dispersion without utilizing the frequency correlation between the photon pair. For nonlocal mapping, the signal photons with spectral information are directly detected. And the corresponding idler photons are dispersed. With the help of the frequency correlation between the photon pair, the spectral information on signal photons can be recorded in count measurement. In this letter, the two types of mapping results are theoretically and experimentally compared. The theoretical result indicates that the two types of mapping results are the same when the pump light of the entangled source is ideal monochromatic with infinite linewidth. However, when using a real pump light with finite linewidth, the theoretical and experimental result of the two types of mapping is different. The difference in the result indicates the potential influence of the mapping method, which can further help to select a more suitable mapping method for different measuring conditions.
A fiber-integrated spectrometer for single-photon pulses outside the telecommunications wavelength range based upon frequency-to-time mapping, implemented by chromatic group delay dispersion (GDD), and precise temporally-resolved single-photon counting, is presented. A chirped fiber Bragg grating provides low-loss GDD, mapping the frequency distribution of an input pulse onto the temporal envelope of the output pulse. Time-resolved detection with fast single-photon-counting modules enables monitoring of a wavelength range from 825 nm to 835 nm with nearly uniform efficiency at 55 pm resolution (24 GHz at 830 nm). To demonstrate the versatility of this technique, spectral interference of heralded single photons and the joint spectral intensity distribution of a photon-pair source are measured. This approach to single-photon-level spectral measurements provides a route to realize applications of time-frequency quantum optics at visible and near-infrared wavelengths, where multiple spectral channels must be simultaneously monitored.
Precise knowledge of position and timing information is critical to support elementary protocols such as entanglement swapping on quantum networks. While approaches have been devised to use quantum light for such metrology, they largely rely on time-of-flight (ToF) measurements with single-photon detectors and, therefore, are limited to picosecond-scale resolution owing to detector jitter. In this work, we demonstrate an approach to distributed sensing that leverages phase modulation to map changes in the spectral phase to coincidence probability, thereby overcoming the limits imposed by single-photon detection. By extracting information about the joint biphoton phase, we measure a generalized delay—the difference in signal–idler arrival, relative to local radio frequency (RF) phase modulation. For nonlocal ranging measurements, we achieve ( 2σ ) precision of ±0.04ps and for measurements of the relative RF phase, ( 2σ ) precision of ±0.7∘ . We complement this fine timing information with ToF data from single-photon time-tagging to demonstrate absolute measurement of time delay. By relying on off-the-shelf telecommunications equipment and standard quantum resources, this approach has the potential to reduce overhead in practical quantum networks.
Time-frequency entangled photons ("biphotons") exhibit joint spectral and temporal correlations that are unattainable with classical light. Besides being deployed for tests of quantum nonlocality, these photonic states are desirable for a unique range of applications that can significantly impact communications and computation. In this dissertation, we describe novel schemes based on spectral and temporal domain processing for manipulating and characterizing broadband biphotons. Implementing frequency-dependent filters, first, we present and demonstrate a technique for controlling the relative delay between a pair of entangled photons, relying on pump frequency tuning and the quantum concept of nonlocal dispersion cancellation. Next, we demonstrate near-field frequency-to-time mapping, a technique adopted from classical photonics, for arbitrary control of biphoton temporal correlations. Subsequently, we generate temporal correlation trains by creating biphoton frequency combs through programmable spectral amplitude shaping and demonstrate the temporal Talbot effect with entangled photons for the first time. Moreover, in the absence of fast single-photon detectors, we show how electro-optic phase modulation (originally a time-dependent operation) can be used to examine the coherence of biphoton frequency combs. Lastly, we introduce a scheme based on electro-optic intensity modulation, another time-domain operation, for improving the resolution in biphoton temporal correlation measurements. Overall, our body of work could provide additional insight into the manipulation and characterization of biphoton states, as well as contribute towards the improvement of quantum technologies.
We demonstrate the implementation of a fiber-integrated spectrograph utilizing chromatic group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single-mode fiber. By means of GVD we stretch an ultrafast pulse in time in order to spectrally resolve single photons in the time domain, detected by single-photon counting modules with very accurate temporal resolution. As a result, the spectrum of a very weak pulse is recovered from a precise time measurement with high signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate the potential of our technique by applying our scheme to analyzing the joint spectral intensity distribution of a parametric downconversion source at a telecommunication wavelength. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America
We demonstrate the implementation of a fiber-integrated spectrograph utilizing chromatic group velocity dispersion (GVD) in a single-mode fiber. By means of GVD we stretch an ultrafast pulse in time in order to spectrally resolve single photons in the time domain, detected by single-photon counting modules with very accurate temporal resolution. As a result, the spectrum of a very weak pulse is recovered from a precise time measurement with high signal-to-noise ratio. We demonstrate the potential of our technique by applying our scheme to analyzing the joint spectral intensity distribution of a parametric downconversion source at a telecommunication wavelength.