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Polytechnic Journal

Intercept-Resend Attack on SARG04 Protocol: An Extended Work

Ali H. Yousif, Omar S. Mustafa, Dana F. Abdulqadir, Farah Sami Khoshaba

Published Jun 30, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, intercept/resend eavesdropper attack over SARG04 quantum key distribution protocol is investigated by bounding the information of an eavesdropper; then, the attack has been analyzed. In 2019, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done by the same research group in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity (Omar, 2019). The probability of detecting the case in the random secret key by eavesdropper is estimated. The results of intercept/resend eavesdropper attack proved that the attack has a significant impact on the operation of the SARG04 protocol in terms of the final key length.

DOI
10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp88-92

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In this paper, intercept/resend eavesdropper attack over SARG04 quantum key distribution protocol is investigated by bounding the information of an eavesdropper; then, the attack has been analyzed. In 2019, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done by the same research group in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity (Omar, 2019). The probability of detecting the case in the random secret key by eavesdropper is estimated. The results of intercept/resend eavesdropper attack proved that the attack has a significant impact on the operation of the SARG04 protocol in terms of the final key length.
The existing studies proved the importance of quantum key distribution protocols,unfortunately, most of them have been known only as theoretical models. Starting from the mathematical models, this study explores quantum alternatives to traditional key distribution protocols and involves software implementations of the quantum key distribution protocols with two, three and four-state systems. The paper presents the results obtained on case of the cybernetic attack simulation, type Intercept-Resend - the well known attack on quantum world, over the each protocol. Presence of the eavesdropper is determined by calculating the errors obtained at the end of transmission through quantum channel. The method Quantum Error Rate for detecting the eavesdropper can be applied to the majority key distribution systems, each system having its own acceptable error rate. Starting from the same size of input data, the paper presents an analysis of the data obtained on cybernetic attack simulations and analyzes the percentage of errors by comparison with the dimensions of the cryptographic keys obtained in the case of each protocol.
In this thesis we conduct an analysis on the SARG04 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol. In the beginning, quantum computing bases are given so that the reader will better understand the topic. Then, SARG04 protocol basics are explained, providing also practical examples. A software implementation code of a self made SARG04 protocol simulator is also provided and explained. In the second phase, a security evaluation when an active or passive attacker is present is given. We evaluate two attacks: the Photon Number Splitting attack and the Intercept Resend attack. For both attacks, we provide how much information the attacker gains on the key exchanged between two legitimate parties and the entropy introduced by such an attacker. This is studied with graphs and formulas after a certain number of simulations on the implemented code. Finally, some real world QKD applications are provided, focusing on QKD used for securing Mobile Networks.
The goal of the protocol QKD BB84 is to allow a transmitter and a receiver which uses a quantum channel to exchange their keys and to detect the presence of eavesdropping attacks. In the present research, we investigate the effect of several eavesdroppers with both intercept-resend and cloning attacks. We will propose the different possible cases of the positioning of the eavesdroppers and their strategies of attacks; also we will calculate the mutual information for each case. The explicit expressions of the mutual information and quantum error clearly show that the security of the exchanged information depends on the numbers of the eavesdroppers and their attacks parameters on the quantum channel.
In the contemporary quantum world, all the things depend on upcoming quantum technology because of its effectiveness and robustness on deploying it in certain devices. An important use of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD), which promises strong security by utilising quantum mechanical properties. However, real-world attack strategies have created practical vulnerabilities. The practical security analysis of intercept-and-resend attacks over continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and discrete variable quantum key distribution (DV-QKD) protocols is investigated in this work. The simulation models can be developed using custom NumPy and QuTip, we systematically analyze the protocols performance under changing channel losses and attack probabilities for the successful emulation of quantum communication processes. In order to evaluate protocol robustness, our study assesses key security measures such as Key generation rate and channel loss exemplified by simulation over QKD protocols. Our simulation testbed shows the sensitivity of the protocols to Intercept-and-Resend (IR) attacks and recognize under various environments where the security premises breakdown. The main objective of this work is to bridge the research gap between quantum theoretic security and its deployment in real-world communication networks, provides a clear insight into the design and development of more sophisticated quantum secure framework.
The mechanism of quantum mechanics is considered as the principal method of quantum key distribution for transmitting a cryptographic key between users in unconditionally secure communication. In this paper, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity. In addition, the suitable length of subblock was selected depending on the values of quantum bit error rate and round number. Dynamic linear-feedback shift register circuits have been used to extend the final key. These circuits are dynamically generated by the final key. A unique linear circuit is created for each generated key.