In this thesis we conduct an analysis on the SARG04 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol. In the beginning, quantum computing bases are given so that the reader will better understand the topic. Then, SARG04 protocol basics are explained, providing also practical examples. A software implementation code of a self made SARG04 protocol simulator is also provided and explained. In the second phase, a security evaluation when an active or passive attacker is present is given. We evaluate two attacks: the Photon Number Splitting attack and the Intercept Resend attack. For both attacks, we provide how much information the attacker gains on the key exchanged between two legitimate parties and the entropy introduced by such an attacker. This is studied with graphs and formulas after a certain number of simulations on the implemented code. Finally, some real world QKD applications are provided, focusing on QKD used for securing Mobile Networks.
In this thesis we conduct an analysis on the SARG04 Quantum Key Distribution Protocol. In the beginning, quantum computing bases are given so that the reader will better understand the topic. Then, SARG04 protocol basics are explained, providing also practical examples. A software implementation code of a self made SARG04 protocol simulator is also provided and explained. In the second phase, a security evaluation when an active or passive attacker is present is given. We evaluate two attacks: the Photon Number Splitting attack and the Intercept Resend attack. For both attacks, we provide how much information the attacker gains on the key exchanged between two legitimate parties and the entropy introduced by such an attacker. This is studied with graphs and formulas after a certain number of simulations on the implemented code. Finally, some real world QKD applications are provided, focusing on QKD used for securing Mobile Networks.
This thesis explores the critical advancements in quantum communication with a primary focus on the BB84 protocol, the foundation of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). It delves into the theoretical principles, practical implementation using Qiskit, and performance evaluation through metrics like entropy, Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), and efficiency. Comparative analysis with alternative protocols, such as B92 and SARG04, highlights their advantages, limitations, and suitability for real-world applications. The work also addresses challenges like photon number splitting attacks and implementation imperfections, contributing to the development of robust quantum cryptographic systems. By bridging theory and practice, the thesis emphasizes the transformative potential of quantum cryptography in securing communication against both classical and quantum threats. This comprehensive study paves the way for advancements in secure, scalable quantum communication technologies.
In this paper, intercept/resend eavesdropper attack over SARG04 quantum key distribution protocol is investigated by bounding the information of an eavesdropper; then, the attack has been analyzed. In 2019, simulation and enhancement of the performance of SARG04 protocol have been done by the same research group in terms of error correction stage using multiparity rather than single parity (Omar, 2019). The probability of detecting the case in the random secret key by eavesdropper is estimated. The results of intercept/resend eavesdropper attack proved that the attack has a significant impact on the operation of the SARG04 protocol in terms of the final key length.
In the contemporary quantum world, all the things depend on upcoming quantum technology because of its effectiveness and robustness on deploying it in certain devices. An important use of quantum cryptography is quantum key distribution (QKD), which promises strong security by utilising quantum mechanical properties. However, real-world attack strategies have created practical vulnerabilities. The practical security analysis of intercept-and-resend attacks over continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) and discrete variable quantum key distribution (DV-QKD) protocols is investigated in this work. The simulation models can be developed using custom NumPy and QuTip, we systematically analyze the protocols performance under changing channel losses and attack probabilities for the successful emulation of quantum communication processes. In order to evaluate protocol robustness, our study assesses key security measures such as Key generation rate and channel loss exemplified by simulation over QKD protocols. Our simulation testbed shows the sensitivity of the protocols to Intercept-and-Resend (IR) attacks and recognize under various environments where the security premises breakdown. The main objective of this work is to bridge the research gap between quantum theoretic security and its deployment in real-world communication networks, provides a clear insight into the design and development of more sophisticated quantum secure framework.
Against the backdrop where traditional cryptosystems are threatened by algorithms such as Shor and Grover, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology serves as a next-generation security technology. However, the diversity of its protocols poses challenges to practical research, development, and application. This paper adopts a literature review approach to systematically classify the principles, characteristics, and application scenarios of mainstream protocols, including BB84, SARG04, and MDI-QKD, and also conducts a horizontal comparison of the differences between these protocols in terms of physical implementation, security, key rate, and anti-attack capability. The comparative study reveals that each type of protocol has its own advantages and disadvantages. For instance, BB84 needs to address transmission loss, SARG04 can resist Photon Number Splitting (PNS) attacks, and MDI-QKD is immune to measurement device attacks. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to select a protocol with high adaptability based on factors such as transmission distance, light source type, and environmental noise. This research lays a foundation for the practical application of QKD technology.
The present thesis aimed to evaluate the efficiency and resilience of quantum cryptographic systems against malicious attacks, with emphasis on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD).Initially, fundamental concepts of quantum computing and quantum inform ation were examined, such as qubits, superposition, entanglement, decoherence and quantum gates, in order to establish the necessary theoretical background for the reader.Subsequently, key QKD protocols, such as BB84, E91, B92, BBM92 and Decoy-State techniques, were analyzed and compared in terms of security, practical applicability, and sensitivity to different categories of attacks.The methodology of the thesis was based on bibliographic and comparative analysis, using evaluation metrics such as Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER), secret key generation rate, throughput, transmission distance, and channel losses.The analysis showed that simple theoretical attacks, such as intercept-resend, are usually more easily detectable due to an increase in QBER, whereas practical implementation attacks, such as detector blinding, time-shift, trojan-horse and photon-number-splitting attacks, can be more dangerous because they exploit device imperfections and do not always cause an obvious increase in errors.In conclusion, the theoretical security of QKD protocols is strong; however, their actual efficiency depends on the quality of implementation, technological limitations and the balance between protection and the final rate of secure key generation.
The main purpose of quantum key distribution protocols is to provide a practical and secure transmission of the single-use key used in encryption at the sender and receiver side. In the classical method, both parties cannot be sure that the key has not been taken over by an attacker. Since the quantum key exchange method basically relies on quantum physics, it provides higher security than conventional key distribution methods. In this study, the first and most used BB84 protocol, which is one of the quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, and the distribution of the key between the receiver and the sender in the simulation environment and the attempt of the attacker to achieve the key was performed in the simulation environment. The results obtained in the last section are analyzed and suggestions are made for future studies.