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Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators

Sigillito, AJ, Malissa, H, Tyryshkin, AM, Riemann, H, Abrosimov, NV, Peter Becker, Pohl, H-J, Thewalt, MLW, Itoh, KM, John J. L. Morton, Houck, AA, Schuster, DI, Lyon, SA

Published Jun 2, 2014• 32 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We demonstrate the use of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) microresonators to perform rapid manipulations on a randomly distributed spin ensemble using very low microwave power (400 nW). This power is compatible with dilution refrigerators, making microwave manipulation of spin ensembles feasible for quantum computing applications. We also describe the use of adiabatic microwave pulses to overcome microwave magnetic field (B1) inhomogeneities inherent to CPW resonators. This allows for uniform control over a randomly distributed spin ensemble. Sensitivity data are reported showing a single shot (no signal averaging) sensitivity to 107 spins or 3×104spins/Hz with averaging.

Related papers

Fast, low-power manipulation of spin ensembles in superconducting microresonators

A. J. Sigillito, H. Malissa, A. M. Tyryshkin +10 more

We demonstrate the use of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) microresonators to perform rapid manipulations on a randomly distributed spin ensemble using very low microwave power (400 nW). This power is compatible with dilution refrigerators, making microwave manipulation of spin ensembles feasible for quantum computing applications. We also describe the use of adiabatic microwave pulses to overcome microwave magnetic field (B1) inhomogeneities inherent to CPW resonators. This allows for uniform control over a randomly distributed spin ensemble. Sensitivity data are reported showing a single shot (no signal averaging) sensitivity to 107 spins or 3×104spins/Hz with averaging.

arXiv:1403.0018•Applied Physics Letters•Jun 2, 2014•77 citations

Multi-frequency spin manipulation using rapidly tunable superconducting coplanar waveguide microresonators

A. T. Asfaw, A. J. Sigillito, A. M. Tyryshkin +2 more

In this work, we demonstrate the use of frequency-tunable superconducting NbTiN coplanar waveguide microresonators for multi-frequency pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. By applying a bias current to the center pin, the resonance frequency (∼7.6 GHz) can be continuously tuned by as much as 95 MHz in 270 ns without a change in the quality factor of 3000 at 2 K. We demonstrate the ESR performance of our resonators by measuring donor spin ensembles in silicon and show that adiabatic pulses can be used to overcome magnetic field inhomogeneities and microwave power limitations due to the applied bias current. We take advantage of the rapid tunability of these resonators to manipulate both phosphorus and arsenic spins in a single pulse sequence, demonstrating pulsed double electron-electron resonance. Our NbTiN resonator design is useful for multi-frequency pulsed ESR and should also have applications in experiments where spin ensembles are used as quantum memories.

arXiv:1705.02413•Applied Physics Letters•Jul 17, 2017•23 citations

Superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators for low temperature pulsed electron spin resonance spectroscopy

H. Malissa, David Schuster, Alexei M. Tyryshkin +2 more

We discuss the design and implementation of thin film superconducting coplanar waveguide micro-resonators for pulsed electron spin resonance experiments. The performance of the resonators with P doped Si epilayer samples is compared to waveguide resonators under equivalent conditions. The high achievable filling factor even for small sized samples and the relatively high Q-factor result in a sensitivity of 4.5 × 10(8) spins per shot, which is superior to that of conventional waveguide resonators, in particular to spins close to the sample surface. The peak microwave power is on the order of a few milliwatts, which is compatible with measurements at ultra-low temperatures. We also discuss the effect of the nonuniform microwave magnetic field on the Hahn echo power dependence.

arXiv:1202.6305•Review of Scientific Instruments•Feb 1, 2013•78 citations

Superconducting CPW resonators for measurements on molecular spins

Ling Zong

Quantum information processing (QIP) concerns communication between qubits in quantum computer. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators which could easily be fabricated with the micro-techniques in integrated circuits started to show its potentiality in QIP in last few years. So far CPW resonators were used to arrange communication between Josephson q-bits which have relatively short decoherence time. The q-bits based on molecular spins mountain quantum coherence for much longer time, but they have too weak coupling to microwave field to allow effective spin manipulation. In this project we aimed to optimize CPW resonators in order to achieve strong coupling to molecular spins. \nWe present results for standard Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Nb resonators fabricated on sapphire substrate. To achieve strong coupling between microwave field and molecular spins constrictions of the central conductor at the antinode of current were made to get local enhancement of magnetic field. We also present the simulation results for the key design elements: T-junctions and constrictions, which gave a good guideline for design and fabrication. Low temperature measurements of resonators with (and without) local constrictions were made and verified the accuracy of simulations. Finally, we discuss the temperature and power dependence of resonators transmission spectra.

•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

Power-dependence measurement of the quality factor of superconducting microwave resonators at mK temperature

Seon Hoo Kim, Dong-Gwang Ha, Gwan Yeol Park +7 more

We report our setup and measurement results of the quality factor Q of superconducting microwave resonators at mK temperature in a dilution refrigerator. The power dependence of the superconducting resonators' Q was measured down to the single photon level. Measurements were performed on two types of microwave resonators. First, a half-wavelength coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator made of niobium film on an oxidized high-resistivity silicon substrate was measured. Then a rectangular box resonator made of machined superconducting aluminum alloy was measured. While the CPW chip resonator's Q value showed noticeable decrease at low microwave power, the box resonator's Q showed little power dependence. This setup is intended to perform characterization of various microwave resonators, which will serve as key components in superconducting qubit in circuit QED architecture.

Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements•Aug 1, 2014•2 citations

Experimental demonstrations of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide resonators

HaiJie Li, YiWen Wang, LianFu Wei +6 more

We successfully designed and fabricated an absorption-type of superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. The resonators are made from a niobium film (about 160 nm thick) on a high-resistance Si substrate, and each resonator is fabricated as a meandered quarter-wavelength transmission line (one end is short to the ground and another end is capacitively coupled to a through feedline). With a vector network analyzer we measured the transmissions of the applied microwave through the resonators at ultra-low temperature. The obtained loaded quality factors are significantly high, i.e. up to ∼10 6 . When the temperature increases slowly from the base temperature (20 mK), the resonance frequencies of the resonators are blue shifted and the quality factors are lowered slightly. In principle, this type of device can integrate a series of CPW resonators with a common feedline, making it a promising candidate as the data bus for coupling distant solid-state qubits and the sensitive detector of single photons.

arXiv:1304.3254•Chinese Science Bulletin•Jul 1, 2013•29 citations
We demonstrate the use of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) microresonators to perform rapid manipulations on a randomly distributed spin ensemble using very low microwave power (400 nW). This power is compatible with dilution refrigerators, making microwave manipulation of spin ensembles feasible for quantum computing applications. We also describe the use of adiabatic microwave pulses to overcome microwave magnetic field (B1) inhomogeneities inherent to CPW resonators. This allows for uniform control over a randomly distributed spin ensemble. Sensitivity data are reported showing a single shot (no signal averaging) sensitivity to 107 spins or 3×104spins/Hz with averaging.
We demonstrate the use of high-Q superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) microresonators to perform rapid manipulations on a randomly distributed spin ensemble using very low microwave power (400 nW). This power is compatible with dilution refrigerators, making microwave manipulation of spin ensembles feasible for quantum computing applications. We also describe the use of adiabatic microwave pulses to overcome microwave magnetic field (B1) inhomogeneities inherent to CPW resonators. This allows for uniform control over a randomly distributed spin ensemble. Sensitivity data are reported showing a single shot (no signal averaging) sensitivity to 107 spins or 3×104spins/Hz with averaging.
In this work, we demonstrate the use of frequency-tunable superconducting NbTiN coplanar waveguide microresonators for multi-frequency pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. By applying a bias current to the center pin, the resonance frequency (∼7.6 GHz) can be continuously tuned by as much as 95 MHz in 270 ns without a change in the quality factor of 3000 at 2 K. We demonstrate the ESR performance of our resonators by measuring donor spin ensembles in silicon and show that adiabatic pulses can be used to overcome magnetic field inhomogeneities and microwave power limitations due to the applied bias current. We take advantage of the rapid tunability of these resonators to manipulate both phosphorus and arsenic spins in a single pulse sequence, demonstrating pulsed double electron-electron resonance. Our NbTiN resonator design is useful for multi-frequency pulsed ESR and should also have applications in experiments where spin ensembles are used as quantum memories.
We discuss the design and implementation of thin film superconducting coplanar waveguide micro-resonators for pulsed electron spin resonance experiments. The performance of the resonators with P doped Si epilayer samples is compared to waveguide resonators under equivalent conditions. The high achievable filling factor even for small sized samples and the relatively high Q-factor result in a sensitivity of 4.5 × 10(8) spins per shot, which is superior to that of conventional waveguide resonators, in particular to spins close to the sample surface. The peak microwave power is on the order of a few milliwatts, which is compatible with measurements at ultra-low temperatures. We also discuss the effect of the nonuniform microwave magnetic field on the Hahn echo power dependence.
Quantum information processing (QIP) concerns communication between qubits in quantum computer. Coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators which could easily be fabricated with the micro-techniques in integrated circuits started to show its potentiality in QIP in last few years. So far CPW resonators were used to arrange communication between Josephson q-bits which have relatively short decoherence time. The q-bits based on molecular spins mountain quantum coherence for much longer time, but they have too weak coupling to microwave field to allow effective spin manipulation. In this project we aimed to optimize CPW resonators in order to achieve strong coupling to molecular spins. \nWe present results for standard Coplanar Waveguide (CPW) Nb resonators fabricated on sapphire substrate. To achieve strong coupling between microwave field and molecular spins constrictions of the central conductor at the antinode of current were made to get local enhancement of magnetic field. We also present the simulation results for the key design elements: T-junctions and constrictions, which gave a good guideline for design and fabrication. Low temperature measurements of resonators with (and without) local constrictions were made and verified the accuracy of simulations. Finally, we discuss the temperature and power dependence of resonators transmission spectra.
We report our setup and measurement results of the quality factor Q of superconducting microwave resonators at mK temperature in a dilution refrigerator. The power dependence of the superconducting resonators' Q was measured down to the single photon level. Measurements were performed on two types of microwave resonators. First, a half-wavelength coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator made of niobium film on an oxidized high-resistivity silicon substrate was measured. Then a rectangular box resonator made of machined superconducting aluminum alloy was measured. While the CPW chip resonator's Q value showed noticeable decrease at low microwave power, the box resonator's Q showed little power dependence. This setup is intended to perform characterization of various microwave resonators, which will serve as key components in superconducting qubit in circuit QED architecture.
We successfully designed and fabricated an absorption-type of superconducting coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonators. The resonators are made from a niobium film (about 160 nm thick) on a high-resistance Si substrate, and each resonator is fabricated as a meandered quarter-wavelength transmission line (one end is short to the ground and another end is capacitively coupled to a through feedline). With a vector network analyzer we measured the transmissions of the applied microwave through the resonators at ultra-low temperature. The obtained loaded quality factors are significantly high, i.e. up to ∼10 6 . When the temperature increases slowly from the base temperature (20 mK), the resonance frequencies of the resonators are blue shifted and the quality factors are lowered slightly. In principle, this type of device can integrate a series of CPW resonators with a common feedline, making it a promising candidate as the data bus for coupling distant solid-state qubits and the sensitive detector of single photons.