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Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

M. U. Staudt, I.-C. Hoi, Philip Krantz, Martin Sandberg, Michaël Simoen, Pavel A. Bushev, Nicolas Sangouard, Mikael Afzelius, Vitaly S. Shumeiko, Göran Johansson, Per Delsing, Wilson, Christopher

Published Jan 1, 2012• 11 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewidth of down to 75 MHz.

Related papers

Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

Matthias U Staudt, Io-Chun Hoi, Philip Krantz +9 more

A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er$^{3+}$ doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewdith of down to 75 MHz.

arXiv:1201.1718•Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jun 8, 2012•33 citations

Anisotropic Rare-Earth Spin Ensemble Strongly Coupled to a Superconducting Resonator

S. Probst, Hannes Rotzinger, S. Wünsch +5 more

Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.

arXiv:1212.2856•Physical Review Letters•Apr 8, 2013•206 citations

Hybrid quantum circuit with implanted erbium ions

S. Probst, Nadezhda Kukharchyk, Hannes Rotzinger +6 more

We report on hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments with focused ion beam implanted Er3+ ions in Y2SiO5 coupled to an array of superconducting lumped element microwave resonators. The Y2SiO5 crystal is divided into several areas with distinct erbium doping concentrations, each coupled to a separate resonator. The coupling strength is varied from 5 MHz to 18.7 MHz, while the linewidth ranges between 50 MHz and 130 MHz. We confirm the paramagnetic properties of the implanted spin ensemble by evaluating the temperature dependence of the coupling. The efficiency of the implantation process is analyzed and the results are compared to a bulk doped Er:Y2SiO5 sample. We demonstrate the integration of these engineered erbium spin ensembles with superconducting circuits.

arXiv:1409.7667•Applied Physics Letters•Oct 20, 2014•24 citations

Three-dimensional cavity quantum electrodynamics with a rare-earth spin ensemble

S. Probst, A. Tkalčec, Hannes Rotzinger +6 more

We present cavity QED experiments with an ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}$ crystal magnetically coupled to a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical sapphire loaded copper resonator. Such waveguide cavities are promising for the realization of a superconducting quantum processor. Here, we demonstrate the coherent integration of a rare-earth spin ensemble with the 3D architecture. The collective coupling strength of the ${\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}$ spins to the 3D cavity is 21 MHz. The cylindrical sapphire loaded resonator allowed us to explore the anisotropic collective coupling between the rare-earth doped crystal and the cavity. This work shows the potential of spin doped solids in 3D quantum circuits for application as microwave quantum memories as well as for prospective microwave to optical interfaces.

arXiv:1406.3535•Physical Review B•Sep 12, 2014•51 citations

Hybrid quantum system based on rare earth doped crystals = Hybrides Quantensystem basierend auf Kristallen mit Seltenerddotierung

Probst, Sebastian

Hybrid quantum circuits interfacing rare earth spin ensembles with microwave resonators are a promising approach for application as coherent quantum memory and frequency converter. In this thesis, hybrid circuits based on Er and Nd ions doped into Y2SiO5 and YAlO3 crystals are investigated by optical and on-chip microwave spectroscopy. Coherent strong coupling between the microwave resonator and spin ensemble as well as a multimode memory for weak coherent microwave pulses are demonstrated.

•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations

Ultralow-power spectroscopy of a rare-earth spin ensemble using a superconducting resonator

Pavel A. Bushev, Alexey K. Feofanov, Hannes Rotzinger +6 more

Interfacing superconducting quantum processors, working in the GHz frequency range, with optical quantum networks and atomic qubits is a challenging task for the implementation of distributed quantum information processing as well as for quantum communication. Using spin ensembles of rare-earth ions provides an excellent opportunity to bridge microwave and optical domains at the quantum level. In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate the ultralow-power, on-chip, electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of Er${}^{3+}$ spins doped in a Y${}_{2}$SiO${}_{5}$ crystal using a high-$Q$, coplanar, superconducting resonator.

arXiv:1102.3841•Physical Review B•Aug 5, 2011•106 citations
A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewidth of down to 75 MHz.
A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+^{3+}3+ doped Y2_22​SiO5_55​ crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewdith of down to 75 MHz.
Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.
We report on hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics experiments with focused ion beam implanted Er3+ ions in Y2SiO5 coupled to an array of superconducting lumped element microwave resonators. The Y2SiO5 crystal is divided into several areas with distinct erbium doping concentrations, each coupled to a separate resonator. The coupling strength is varied from 5 MHz to 18.7 MHz, while the linewidth ranges between 50 MHz and 130 MHz. We confirm the paramagnetic properties of the implanted spin ensemble by evaluating the temperature dependence of the coupling. The efficiency of the implantation process is analyzed and the results are compared to a bulk doped Er:Y2SiO5 sample. We demonstrate the integration of these engineered erbium spin ensembles with superconducting circuits.
We present cavity QED experiments with an Er3+:Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}Er3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal magnetically coupled to a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical sapphire loaded copper resonator. Such waveguide cavities are promising for the realization of a superconducting quantum processor. Here, we demonstrate the coherent integration of a rare-earth spin ensemble with the 3D architecture. The collective coupling strength of the Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ spins to the 3D cavity is 21 MHz. The cylindrical sapphire loaded resonator allowed us to explore the anisotropic collective coupling between the rare-earth doped crystal and the cavity. This work shows the potential of spin doped solids in 3D quantum circuits for application as microwave quantum memories as well as for prospective microwave to optical interfaces.
Interfacing superconducting quantum processors, working in the GHz frequency range, with optical quantum networks and atomic qubits is a challenging task for the implementation of distributed quantum information processing as well as for quantum communication. Using spin ensembles of rare-earth ions provides an excellent opportunity to bridge microwave and optical domains at the quantum level. In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate the ultralow-power, on-chip, electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of Er3+{}^{3+}3+ spins doped in a Y2{}_{2}2​SiO5{}_{5}5​ crystal using a high-QQQ, coplanar, superconducting resonator.