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arXiv:1212.2856 · Physical Review Letters

Anisotropic Rare-Earth Spin Ensemble Strongly Coupled to a Superconducting Resonator

S. Probst, Hannes Rotzinger, S. Wünsch, P. Jung, Markus Jerger, M. Siegel, Alexey Vladimirovich Ustinov, Pavel A. Bushev

Published Apr 8, 2013• 206 citations
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Abstract

Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.110.157001

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Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.
We present cavity QED experiments with an Er3+:Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{SiO}}_{5}Er3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal magnetically coupled to a three-dimensional (3D) cylindrical sapphire loaded copper resonator. Such waveguide cavities are promising for the realization of a superconducting quantum processor. Here, we demonstrate the coherent integration of a rare-earth spin ensemble with the 3D architecture. The collective coupling strength of the Er3+{\mathrm{Er}}^{3+}Er3+ spins to the 3D cavity is 21 MHz. The cylindrical sapphire loaded resonator allowed us to explore the anisotropic collective coupling between the rare-earth doped crystal and the cavity. This work shows the potential of spin doped solids in 3D quantum circuits for application as microwave quantum memories as well as for prospective microwave to optical interfaces.
A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewidth of down to 75 MHz.
A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+^{3+}3+ doped Y2_22​SiO5_55​ crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewdith of down to 75 MHz.
Interfacing superconducting microwave resonator with rare earth doped crystals presents a promising hybrid quantum system for applications including spin-assisted transducers and memories. The coupling strength between spins of rare earth ions and the microwave photons is characterized by the cooperativity. Here we report an ultra-high cooperativity C∼C \simC∼ 650 between rare earth spins and a planar superconducting microwave resonator that features a highly uniform magnetic field for harnessing the strong anisotropic coupling strength of erbium doped yttrium orthosilicate. This cooperativity rivals that from a bulk dielectric resonator and paves a path for efficiently coupling of spins with microwave photons on an integrated platform.
Interfacing superconducting quantum processors, working in the GHz frequency range, with optical quantum networks and atomic qubits is a challenging task for the implementation of distributed quantum information processing as well as for quantum communication. Using spin ensembles of rare-earth ions provides an excellent opportunity to bridge microwave and optical domains at the quantum level. In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate the ultralow-power, on-chip, electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of Er3+{}^{3+}3+ spins doped in a Y2{}_{2}2​SiO5{}_{5}5​ crystal using a high-QQQ, coplanar, superconducting resonator.