© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

Terms Privacy Legal Notice

arXiv:1102.3841 · Physical Review B

Ultralow-power spectroscopy of a rare-earth spin ensemble using a superconducting resonator

Pavel A. Bushev, Alexey K. Feofanov, Hannes Rotzinger, Ivan V. Protopopov, Jared H. Cole, Christopher M. Wilson, G. Fischer, Alexander V. Lukashenko, Alexey Vladimirovich Ustinov

Published Aug 5, 2011• 106 citations

Abstract

Interfacing superconducting quantum processors, working in the GHz frequency range, with optical quantum networks and atomic qubits is a challenging task for the implementation of distributed quantum information processing as well as for quantum communication. Using spin ensembles of rare-earth ions provides an excellent opportunity to bridge microwave and optical domains at the quantum level. In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate the ultralow-power, on-chip, electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of Er${}^{3+}$ spins doped in a Y${}_{2}$SiO${}_{5}$ crystal using a high-$Q$, coplanar, superconducting resonator.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.84.060501

Related papers

Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

Matthias U Staudt, Io-Chun Hoi, Philip Krantz +9 more

A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er$^{3+}$ doped Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewdith of down to 75 MHz.

arXiv:1201.1718•Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Jun 8, 2012•33 citations

Hybrid quantum system based on rare earth doped crystals

Probst, Sebastian

Hybrid quantum circuits interfacing rare earth spin ensembles with microwave resonators are a promising approach for application as coherent quantum memory and frequency converter. In this thesis, hybrid circuits based on Er and Nd ions doped into Y?SiO? and YAlO? crystals are investigated by optical and on-chip microwave spectroscopy. Coherent strong coupling between the microwave resonator and spin ensemble as well as a multimode memory for weak coherent microwave pulses are demonstrated.

•Jan 1, 2016•2 citations

Coupling of an erbium spin ensemble to a superconducting resonator

M. U. Staudt, I.-C. Hoi, Philip Krantz +9 more

A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewidth of down to 75 MHz.

•Jan 1, 2012•11 citations

Hybrid quantum system based on rare earth doped crystals = Hybrides Quantensystem basierend auf Kristallen mit Seltenerddotierung

Probst, Sebastian

Hybrid quantum circuits interfacing rare earth spin ensembles with microwave resonators are a promising approach for application as coherent quantum memory and frequency converter. In this thesis, hybrid circuits based on Er and Nd ions doped into Y2SiO5 and YAlO3 crystals are investigated by optical and on-chip microwave spectroscopy. Coherent strong coupling between the microwave resonator and spin ensemble as well as a multimode memory for weak coherent microwave pulses are demonstrated.

•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations

Anisotropic Rare-Earth Spin Ensemble Strongly Coupled to a Superconducting Resonator

S. Probst, Hannes Rotzinger, S. Wünsch +5 more

Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.

arXiv:1212.2856•Physical Review Letters•Apr 8, 2013•206 citations

Electron Spin Coherence in Optically Excited States of Rare-Earth Ions for Microwave to Optical Quantum Transducers

Sacha Welinski, Philip J. T. Woodburn, Nikolai Lauk +4 more

Efficient and reversible optical to microwave transducers are required for entanglement transfer between superconducting qubits and light in quantum networks. Rare-earth-doped crystals with narrow optical and spin transitions are a promising system for enabling these devices. Current resonant transduction approaches use ground-state electron spin transitions that have coherence lifetimes often limited by spin flip-flop processes and spectral diffusion, even at very low temperatures. We investigate spin coherence in an optically excited state of an Er^{3+}: Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal at temperatures from 1.6 to 3.5 K for a low 8.7 mT magnetic field compatible with superconducting resonators. Spin coherence and population lifetimes of up to 1.6 μs and 1.2 ms, respectively, are measured by optically detected spin echo experiments. Analysis of decoherence processes suggest that ms coherence can be reached at lower temperatures for the excited-state spins, whereas ground-state spin coherence would be limited to a few μs due to resonant interactions with other Er^{3+} spins in the lattice and greater instantaneous spectral diffusion from the radio-frequency control pulses. We propose a quantum transducer scheme with potential for close to unity efficiency that exploits the advantages offered by spin states of the optically excited electronic energy levels.

arXiv:1802.03354•Physical Review Letters•Jun 17, 2019•61 citations

Interfacing superconducting quantum processors, working in the GHz frequency range, with optical quantum networks and atomic qubits is a challenging task for the implementation of distributed quantum information processing as well as for quantum communication. Using spin ensembles of rare-earth ions provides an excellent opportunity to bridge microwave and optical domains at the quantum level. In this Rapid Communication, we demonstrate the ultralow-power, on-chip, electron-spin-resonance spectroscopy of Er

{}^{3+}

spins doped in a Y

{}_{2}

SiO

{}_{5}

crystal using a high-

Q

, coplanar, superconducting resonator.

A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er

^{3+}

doped Y

_2

SiO

_5

crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewdith of down to 75 MHz.

A quantum coherent interface between optical and microwave photons can be used as a basic building block within a future quantum information network. The interface is envisioned as an ensemble of rare-earth ions coupled to a superconducting resonator, allowing for coherent transfer between optical and microwave photons. Towards this end, we have realized a hybrid device coupling a Er3+-doped Y2SiO5 crystal in a superconducting coplanar waveguide cavity. We observe a collective spin coupling of 4 MHz and a spin linewidth of down to 75 MHz.

Interfacing photonic and solid-state qubits within a hybrid quantum architecture offers a promising route towards large scale distributed quantum computing. Ideal candidates for coherent qubit interconversion are optically active spins, magnetically coupled to a superconducting resonator. We report on an on-chip cavity QED experiment with magnetically anisotropic Er(3+)∶Y2SiO5 crystals and demonstrate collective strong coupling of rare-earth spins to a lumped element resonator. Moreover, the electron spin resonance and relaxation dynamics of the erbium spins are detected via direct microwave absorption, without the aid of a cavity.

Efficient and reversible optical to microwave transducers are required for entanglement transfer between superconducting qubits and light in quantum networks. Rare-earth-doped crystals with narrow optical and spin transitions are a promising system for enabling these devices. Current resonant transduction approaches use ground-state electron spin transitions that have coherence lifetimes often limited by spin flip-flop processes and spectral diffusion, even at very low temperatures. We investigate spin coherence in an optically excited state of an Er^{3+}: Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal at temperatures from 1.6 to 3.5 K for a low 8.7 mT magnetic field compatible with superconducting resonators. Spin coherence and population lifetimes of up to 1.6 μs and 1.2 ms, respectively, are measured by optically detected spin echo experiments. Analysis of decoherence processes suggest that ms coherence can be reached at lower temperatures for the excited-state spins, whereas ground-state spin coherence would be limited to a few μs due to resonant interactions with other Er^{3+} spins in the lattice and greater instantaneous spectral diffusion from the radio-frequency control pulses. We propose a quantum transducer scheme with potential for close to unity efficiency that exploits the advantages offered by spin states of the optically excited electronic energy levels.