Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optical Engineering

Development of a secured optical code-division multiple access system by implementing hybrid 2D-modified Walsh code

Madhumita Das Sarkar, Shila Ghosh

Published Oct 20, 2020• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present the development of a multi-user cross-layer security network implemented on the optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) with newly designed hybrid 2D-modified Walsh code (MWC) along with an algorithmic approach in cryptography domain. Minimum BER value is evaluated on the order of 10 − 50 using our designed MWC, which is comparatively lower than other existing codes. The security performance of the network was analyzed using the probability detection parameter, which was found to be superior apart from few other available existing codes. The enhancement of the quality and grade of security in this network eavesdropper can intercept the designed optical code of OCDMA in the physical layer. It compels one to break the security in the data-layer to access the original code. We also calculated the probability of successful data interception as a function of time complexity. Furthermore, we presented the simulation of the hybrid system using the OptiSystem simulator.

DOI
10.1117/1.oe.59.10.106107

Related papers

Design and Investigation on Image Transmission in Multi-User Cross-Layer Security Network

Jianhua Ji, Wenjun Li, Bing Wu +3 more

A multi-user cross-layer security network based on optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) and algorithmic cryptography is proposed, and its security performance is analyzed quantitatively for the first time. In this scheme, eavesdroppers have to not only intercept the optical code of OCDMA in physical-layer, but also break the algorithmic cryptography in data-layer. Thus, the information security will be enhanced effectively. Synchronous transmission system and asynchronous transmission system are analyzed respectively. It can be seen that the cross-layer security of asynchronous transmission is far greater than that of synchronous transmission when the number of users is large enough. OptiSystem simulation is used to investigate the image transmission in cross-layer security system. The transmission distance of single mode fiber is 100 km, and transmission rates are 10 Gbit/s and 1 Gbit/s respectively. It can be seen that legitimate user can recover original image correctly with matched decoder and correct encryption algorithm. However, eavesdroppers cannot recover the image correctly with matched decoder/wrong encryption algorithm or unmatched decoder/correct encryption algorithm. Therefore, our scheme can greatly enhance the security of image transmission system.

IEEE Access•Jan 1, 2019•4 citations

Interception of 2D incoherent optical code division multiple access system

Jing Yang

Two different information intercepting schemes were designed to resolve the security problems on a 2D incoherent Optical Code Division Multiple Access(OCDMA) system.Firstly,it was assumed that the interceptors knew enough information such as the mode of en/decoding,the constructing mode of address code,the transmission rate of the system,the value and quantity of wavebands,etc.Then,the energy distributions of optical signals at different time and wavebands in the OCDMA system were achieved using an advanced optoelectronic detection technique.Finally,the address codes existing in the OCDMA system could be deciphered effectively employing the energy distributions.The functions of the two intercepting schemes were simulated on the software platform of an incoherent OCDMA system with seven users and seven Reed-Solomon(R-S) codes received randomly,experimental results show that the interceptors can decipher the user signature codes effectively when the two-code keying is employed as the modulation way of the OCDMA system or the multi-users are in existence simultaneously.The results indicate that the security problem still exists in the 2D incoherent OCDMA system.

Optics and Precision Engineering•Jan 1, 2008•0 citations

Design of Cross Layer Security Network Using Bragg Filter Encoder and Decoder

S. Shalini, M Jayasudha, Jaya Suriya

This paper puts forward a cross-layer security model for optical networks using Spectral Amplitude CodingOptical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) as a combination with optical cryptography. The new architecture provides data confidentiality through two layers of protection: (1) physical layer Bragg filter-based spectral encoding and (2) data layer XOR logic gate-based encryption through a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI). In this method, unauthorized users must bypass both the spectral coding and optical encryption mechanisms, which significantly strengthen transmission security. The system is simulated using OptiSystem software, and the results show an improved perfor- mance of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality (Q) factors. This hybrid optical security model demonstrates high potential for applications in secure fiber-optic communication networks.

International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Engineering Applications (ICETEA)•Jun 5, 2025•0 citations

Optical network security using unipolar Walsh code

Somali Sikder, Madhumita Das Sarkar, Shila Ghosh

Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 2018•10 citations

The multi-layer secure communication system based on 2D-OCDMA coding

Lingchao Kong, Kan Liu, Qiulei Yu +1 more

Abstract This paper presents a novel multi-layer secure communication system that bases 2D-OCDMA technology to enhance the security and number of users of the system. The system innovatively combines RSA encryption, polarization multiplexing, and address coding techniques to protect and transmit the data. At the transmitting end, the data is encrypted by algorithm and then encoded by address code. The encoded optical data is split into two orthogonal polarization states and sent over the same channel. At the receiving end, only the optical signals in the matching polarization state can be retrieved by the polarizer with the right angle. The retrieved data is then decoded by the address code and decrypted by the algorithm to recover the original data. This system achieves multi-layer security and capacity enhancement by processing the information at different layers. The feasibility of the system is demonstrated by joint experimental simulation using Java programming language and Optisystem simulation software. In this paper, low BER transmission of 4 code words for 8 users 50 km 1Gbit/s is realized using optical orthogonal codes (OOC) with BER around 10−30. It realizes the enhancement of 4-user to 8-user without affecting the transmission effect.

Journal of Optical Communications•Dec 21, 2023•0 citations

Isolated user security enhancement in optical code division multiple access network against eavesdropping

Vishav Jyoti, Rajinder Singh Kaler

A novel virtual user system is modeled for enhancing the security of an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) network. Although the OCDMA system implementing code shift keying (CSK) is secure against a conventional power detector, it is susceptible to differential eavesdropping. An analytical framework is developed for the CSK-OCDMA system to show eavesdropper's code interception performance for a single transmitting user in the presence of a virtual user. It is shown that the eavesdropper's probability of correct bit interception decreases from 7.1×10 −1 to 1.85×10 −5 with the inclusion of the virtual user. Furthermore, the results confirm that the proposed virtual user scheme increases the confidentiality of the CSK-OCDMA system and outperforms the conventional OCDMA scheme in terms of security.

Optical Engineering•Sep 6, 2012•2 citations
We present the development of a multi-user cross-layer security network implemented on the optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) with newly designed hybrid 2D-modified Walsh code (MWC) along with an algorithmic approach in cryptography domain. Minimum BER value is evaluated on the order of 10 − 50 using our designed MWC, which is comparatively lower than other existing codes. The security performance of the network was analyzed using the probability detection parameter, which was found to be superior apart from few other available existing codes. The enhancement of the quality and grade of security in this network eavesdropper can intercept the designed optical code of OCDMA in the physical layer. It compels one to break the security in the data-layer to access the original code. We also calculated the probability of successful data interception as a function of time complexity. Furthermore, we presented the simulation of the hybrid system using the OptiSystem simulator.
A multi-user cross-layer security network based on optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) and algorithmic cryptography is proposed, and its security performance is analyzed quantitatively for the first time. In this scheme, eavesdroppers have to not only intercept the optical code of OCDMA in physical-layer, but also break the algorithmic cryptography in data-layer. Thus, the information security will be enhanced effectively. Synchronous transmission system and asynchronous transmission system are analyzed respectively. It can be seen that the cross-layer security of asynchronous transmission is far greater than that of synchronous transmission when the number of users is large enough. OptiSystem simulation is used to investigate the image transmission in cross-layer security system. The transmission distance of single mode fiber is 100 km, and transmission rates are 10 Gbit/s and 1 Gbit/s respectively. It can be seen that legitimate user can recover original image correctly with matched decoder and correct encryption algorithm. However, eavesdroppers cannot recover the image correctly with matched decoder/wrong encryption algorithm or unmatched decoder/correct encryption algorithm. Therefore, our scheme can greatly enhance the security of image transmission system.
Two different information intercepting schemes were designed to resolve the security problems on a 2D incoherent Optical Code Division Multiple Access(OCDMA) system.Firstly,it was assumed that the interceptors knew enough information such as the mode of en/decoding,the constructing mode of address code,the transmission rate of the system,the value and quantity of wavebands,etc.Then,the energy distributions of optical signals at different time and wavebands in the OCDMA system were achieved using an advanced optoelectronic detection technique.Finally,the address codes existing in the OCDMA system could be deciphered effectively employing the energy distributions.The functions of the two intercepting schemes were simulated on the software platform of an incoherent OCDMA system with seven users and seven Reed-Solomon(R-S) codes received randomly,experimental results show that the interceptors can decipher the user signature codes effectively when the two-code keying is employed as the modulation way of the OCDMA system or the multi-users are in existence simultaneously.The results indicate that the security problem still exists in the 2D incoherent OCDMA system.
This paper puts forward a cross-layer security model for optical networks using Spectral Amplitude CodingOptical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) as a combination with optical cryptography. The new architecture provides data confidentiality through two layers of protection: (1) physical layer Bragg filter-based spectral encoding and (2) data layer XOR logic gate-based encryption through a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI). In this method, unauthorized users must bypass both the spectral coding and optical encryption mechanisms, which significantly strengthen transmission security. The system is simulated using OptiSystem software, and the results show an improved perfor- mance of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality (Q) factors. This hybrid optical security model demonstrates high potential for applications in secure fiber-optic communication networks.
Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).
Abstract This paper presents a novel multi-layer secure communication system that bases 2D-OCDMA technology to enhance the security and number of users of the system. The system innovatively combines RSA encryption, polarization multiplexing, and address coding techniques to protect and transmit the data. At the transmitting end, the data is encrypted by algorithm and then encoded by address code. The encoded optical data is split into two orthogonal polarization states and sent over the same channel. At the receiving end, only the optical signals in the matching polarization state can be retrieved by the polarizer with the right angle. The retrieved data is then decoded by the address code and decrypted by the algorithm to recover the original data. This system achieves multi-layer security and capacity enhancement by processing the information at different layers. The feasibility of the system is demonstrated by joint experimental simulation using Java programming language and Optisystem simulation software. In this paper, low BER transmission of 4 code words for 8 users 50 km 1Gbit/s is realized using optical orthogonal codes (OOC) with BER around 10−30. It realizes the enhancement of 4-user to 8-user without affecting the transmission effect.
A novel virtual user system is modeled for enhancing the security of an optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) network. Although the OCDMA system implementing code shift keying (CSK) is secure against a conventional power detector, it is susceptible to differential eavesdropping. An analytical framework is developed for the CSK-OCDMA system to show eavesdropper's code interception performance for a single transmitting user in the presence of a virtual user. It is shown that the eavesdropper's probability of correct bit interception decreases from 7.1×10 −1 to 1.85×10 −5 with the inclusion of the virtual user. Furthermore, the results confirm that the proposed virtual user scheme increases the confidentiality of the CSK-OCDMA system and outperforms the conventional OCDMA scheme in terms of security.