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AIP conference proceedings

Optical network security using unipolar Walsh code

Somali Sikder, Madhumita Das Sarkar, Shila Ghosh

Published Jan 1, 2018• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).

DOI
10.1063/1.5032061

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Optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) is considered as a good technique to provide optical layer security. Many research works have been published to enhance optical network security by using optical signal processing. The paper, demonstrates the design of the AWG (arrayed waveguide grating) router-based optical network for spectral-amplitude-coding (SAC) OCDMA networks with Walsh Code to design a reconfigurable network codec by changing signature codes to against eavesdropping. In this paper we proposed a code reconfiguration scheme to improve the network access confidentiality changing the signature codes by cyclic rotations, for OCDMA system. Each of the OCDMA network users is assigned a unique signature code to transmit the information and at the receiving end each receiver correlates its own signature pattern a(n) with the receiving pattern s(n). The signal arriving at proper destination leads to s(n)=a(n).
To further robust confidentiality protecting against eavesdropping over optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) networks, this study improves the robustness of the network toward eavesdropping for encryption/decryption mechanism by using a specified storage register controller controlling optical switches approach in which Free-spectral-range group hopping code is used to generate a specific signature address. This paper presents an enhanced security mechanism to protect spectral-amplitude-coding optical code-division multiple-access (SAC-OCDMA) networks against eavesdropping. This study proposes an alternative to huge code-space size techniques such as wavelength hopping and exchange-encode for network protection against eavesdropping by exploiting the cyclic properties of arrayed-waveguide-grating routers and maximal-length sequence code (M-sequence code). In addition, the network is protected using a wavelength hopping based on optical switches and exchange the encode assignment scheme implemented using the exchange switches before import to arrayed-waveguide-grating routers (AWG).In this scheme, eavesdropper is difficult to solute correct user data bit , whatever there is using brute-force searching or simple energy detector..
We present the development of a multi-user cross-layer security network implemented on the optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) with newly designed hybrid 2D-modified Walsh code (MWC) along with an algorithmic approach in cryptography domain. Minimum BER value is evaluated on the order of 10 − 50 using our designed MWC, which is comparatively lower than other existing codes. The security performance of the network was analyzed using the probability detection parameter, which was found to be superior apart from few other available existing codes. The enhancement of the quality and grade of security in this network eavesdropper can intercept the designed optical code of OCDMA in the physical layer. It compels one to break the security in the data-layer to access the original code. We also calculated the probability of successful data interception as a function of time complexity. Furthermore, we presented the simulation of the hybrid system using the OptiSystem simulator.
This chapter focuses primarily on summarizing results of research on optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) confidentiality and security. It introduces the various classes of security for the readers who may not be familiar with the field of security and encryption. The chapter discusses how the degree of security in an OCDMA network can be quantified. OCDMA may be advantageous for increasing network availability in the presence of interfering signals, because the signal is spread over many wavelengths. The most commonly used architecture for OCDMA networks is the star network. In the star network, data from all users are collected at some central point and then distributed to all users. An eavesdropper in an OCDMA network may tap signals from various locations within the network. The network designer can design some countermeasures to make the eavesdropper's job a bit more difficult. OCDMA provides security at the physical layer of a communication network.
Multiweight optical codes are one of the alternative designs for differentiated quality-of-service (QoS) in multimedia optical CDMA (OCDMA) networks. In this paper, we address the design of reconfigurable multiweight wavelength-time optical codes that lead to secure multimedia transmission in OCDMA networks. The proposed multiweight wavelength-time optical codes are constructed based on quasigroups (QGs) for wavelength hopping and one-dimensional multiweight optical orthogonal codes (MWOOCs) for time spreading, then called QG/MWOOCs. Both QGs and MWOOCs are randomly generated by computer search. As a result, the proposed QG/MWOOCs have many different code set groups which differ in both time and wavelengths positions. Furthermore, a secure network is suggested by employing reconfigurable encoders/decoders array waveguide gratings (AWGs)-based, which allow the users to change their codewords patterns to protect against eavesdropping. Finally, the degree of security which may provide by the proposed scheme is analyzed. The results show that the proposed scheme offers both differentiated QoS and differentiated quality-of-security (QoSec) in multimedia OCDMA networks.
An enhancement of data networks security using a hybrid WDM and SAC/Optical CDMA System is proposed. Secure transmission for dedicated users is achieved by overlaying a covert channel onto a multichannel WDM network. The covert channel is spectrally encoded using spectral amplitude coding (SAC) with unipolar Modified Double Weight (MDW) as the signature address code. OCDMA improves service availability in the presence of physical infrastructure attacks. With the use of WDM channels, the difficulty for an eavesdropper to intercept and decode the secure signal is increased. A simulation is presented as a demonstration of the concept.
This paper puts forward a cross-layer security model for optical networks using Spectral Amplitude CodingOptical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) as a combination with optical cryptography. The new architecture provides data confidentiality through two layers of protection: (1) physical layer Bragg filter-based spectral encoding and (2) data layer XOR logic gate-based encryption through a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI). In this method, unauthorized users must bypass both the spectral coding and optical encryption mechanisms, which significantly strengthen transmission security. The system is simulated using OptiSystem software, and the results show an improved perfor- mance of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality (Q) factors. This hybrid optical security model demonstrates high potential for applications in secure fiber-optic communication networks.