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International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Engineering Applications (ICETEA)

Design of Cross Layer Security Network Using Bragg Filter Encoder and Decoder

S. Shalini, M Jayasudha, Jaya Suriya

Published Jun 5, 2025• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper puts forward a cross-layer security model for optical networks using Spectral Amplitude CodingOptical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) as a combination with optical cryptography. The new architecture provides data confidentiality through two layers of protection: (1) physical layer Bragg filter-based spectral encoding and (2) data layer XOR logic gate-based encryption through a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI). In this method, unauthorized users must bypass both the spectral coding and optical encryption mechanisms, which significantly strengthen transmission security. The system is simulated using OptiSystem software, and the results show an improved perfor- mance of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality (Q) factors. This hybrid optical security model demonstrates high potential for applications in secure fiber-optic communication networks.

DOI
10.1109/icetea64585.2025.11099720

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This paper puts forward a cross-layer security model for optical networks using Spectral Amplitude CodingOptical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) as a combination with optical cryptography. The new architecture provides data confidentiality through two layers of protection: (1) physical layer Bragg filter-based spectral encoding and (2) data layer XOR logic gate-based encryption through a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (SOA-MZI). In this method, unauthorized users must bypass both the spectral coding and optical encryption mechanisms, which significantly strengthen transmission security. The system is simulated using OptiSystem software, and the results show an improved perfor- mance of the Bit Error Rate (BER) and Quality (Q) factors. This hybrid optical security model demonstrates high potential for applications in secure fiber-optic communication networks.
A multi-user cross-layer security network based on optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) and algorithmic cryptography is proposed, and its security performance is analyzed quantitatively for the first time. In this scheme, eavesdroppers have to not only intercept the optical code of OCDMA in physical-layer, but also break the algorithmic cryptography in data-layer. Thus, the information security will be enhanced effectively. Synchronous transmission system and asynchronous transmission system are analyzed respectively. It can be seen that the cross-layer security of asynchronous transmission is far greater than that of synchronous transmission when the number of users is large enough. OptiSystem simulation is used to investigate the image transmission in cross-layer security system. The transmission distance of single mode fiber is 100 km, and transmission rates are 10 Gbit/s and 1 Gbit/s respectively. It can be seen that legitimate user can recover original image correctly with matched decoder and correct encryption algorithm. However, eavesdroppers cannot recover the image correctly with matched decoder/wrong encryption algorithm or unmatched decoder/correct encryption algorithm. Therefore, our scheme can greatly enhance the security of image transmission system.
Abstract With the latest technological advancements and attractive features of next generation intelligent optical networks such as high bandwidth, low power consumption, and low transmission loss, etc., they have been considered as most viable solution to satisfy promptly growing bandwidth demands. However, main optical network components bring forth a set of security challenges and reliability issues, accompanied by new vulnerabilities within the network. This paper proposes a new design for an optical encryption and decryption method for enhancing optical network security using p-i-n photodiode which generates Pseudo Random Binary Sequence (PRBS) as a shot noise fluctuations and wavelength converter based design using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (SOA) based XOR gate which utilizes Cross-Phase Modulation (XPM). The system performance based on Bit Error Rate (BER) and Q factor are analyzed at different data rates for different link lengths up to 100 km using OptiSystem. It is observed that error free transmission with a BER of 10-12 is achieved a data rate of 10Gbps for a link length of only 30 Km for the system with PIN photodiode’s shot noise being used for PRBS sequence generation. However, wavelength conversion based system enables transmission of signal at 10Gbps signal up to a link length of 90Km.
We present the development of a multi-user cross-layer security network implemented on the optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) with newly designed hybrid 2D-modified Walsh code (MWC) along with an algorithmic approach in cryptography domain. Minimum BER value is evaluated on the order of 10 − 50 using our designed MWC, which is comparatively lower than other existing codes. The security performance of the network was analyzed using the probability detection parameter, which was found to be superior apart from few other available existing codes. The enhancement of the quality and grade of security in this network eavesdropper can intercept the designed optical code of OCDMA in the physical layer. It compels one to break the security in the data-layer to access the original code. We also calculated the probability of successful data interception as a function of time complexity. Furthermore, we presented the simulation of the hybrid system using the OptiSystem simulator.
An enhancement of data networks security using a hybrid WDM and SAC/Optical CDMA System is proposed. Secure transmission for dedicated users is achieved by overlaying a covert channel onto a multichannel WDM network. The covert channel is spectrally encoded using spectral amplitude coding (SAC) with unipolar Modified Double Weight (MDW) as the signature address code. OCDMA improves service availability in the presence of physical infrastructure attacks. With the use of WDM channels, the difficulty for an eavesdropper to intercept and decode the secure signal is increased. A simulation is presented as a demonstration of the concept.
Aiming at the current eavesdropping security issues in the physical layer of optical networks, a new hybrid optical encryption scheme based on Highly Nonlinear Fiber (HNLF) and Super Structured Fiber Bragg Grating (SSFBG) is proposed in this paper. In the scheme, degenerate Four Wave Mixing (FWM) is used to encrypt and decrypt user information, and optical coding technology is used to encode and decode the key information. Therefore, the encoding and secret transmission of the key signal can be realized simultaneously. The security of the system is measured by comparing the waveform of the encrypted signal transmitted in the channel with the waveform of the original transmitted signal, and the effectiveness of the system is measured by the bit error rate at the system receiver side. The simulation results show that the frequency and phase of the user data information are disturbed, and the optical power of the encoded key signal is as low as -34.4 dBm. Therefore, the eavesdropping channel cannot obtain effective data information nor detect the key signal, which demonstrates the safe transmission of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) signal.
This paper proposes a non-invasive optical scrambling technique to secure optical transmissions at high data rates (>10Gb/s). The proposed method belongs to the optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) technique, using spectral phase encoding, based on overlapping of adjacent scrambled/spread pulses to encrypt transmitted data. In our system, data confidentiality is directly related to scrambled/spread pulse interference, avoiding direct detection by a power detector, in contrast to network access application (OCDMA), where this overlapping should be avoided. Our goal is to secure data transmission without impacting the physical layer, by guaranteeing the optical transparency of the encryption technique with respect to conventional transmission equipments. Therefore, we simulated the system penalty as a function of the transmission distance for a bit error rate (BER) target of 10-9 to estimate the impact of the linear and non-linear transmission effects on our encryption technique. We consider a point-to-point span for mono-channel and multi-channel setups where self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) become significant. In the last section, we discuss the resilience of our encryption technique to some realistic attack scenarios. The eavesdropper can use the linear optical sampling (LOS) technique, which with coherence conditions on the waveform under test, permits to extract the amplitude and the phase of each spectral compound, enabling, to determinate the phase filter used to encrypt. Determining the necessary time to crack the mask allows us to establish the mask refreshment to guarantee data confidentiality.