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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Generation of High-Frequency Radiation in the Conditions of Superradiance of Particles with a Constant Dipole Moment

Ashat M. Basharov, Andrew I. Trubilko

Published Jun 1, 2020• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A localized ensemble of identical particles with a constant dipole moment generates during superradiance a coherent pulse of low-frequency radiation, the pulse shape depending significantly on the number of particles in the ensemble. In particular, low-frequency radiation pulse is transformed from one-hump to two-hump shape in a narrow range of variation of ensemble parameters.

DOI
10.1134/s1063776120050131

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Abstract A localized ensemble of identical particles with a constant dipole moment generates during superradiance a coherent pulse of low-frequency radiation, the pulse shape depending significantly on the number of particles in the ensemble. In particular, low-frequency radiation pulse is transformed from one-hump to two-hump shape in a narrow range of variation of ensemble parameters.
The paper shows analytically that any resonant interaction of quantum particles in media having no symmetry centre with a high-frequency exciting field produces low-frequency radiation. Media particles may not necessarily have a constant dipole moment. Conditions are identified when carrier frequency of low-frequency radiation coincides with nutational oscillations of resonant level populations and is readily controlled both by high-frequency resonant radiation intensity and by resonance detuning.
The problems of phase synchronization in an ensemble of oscillators or dipoles, and the mechanisms of coherent field generation in superradiance mode, are discussed. It is shown that an increase in the spread of the initial amplitudes of an ensemble of oscillators suppresses their phase synchronization and reduces the efficiency of field generation. The influence of noise is discussed; it is shown that, below the generation threshold, even an external initiating field cannot synchronize the phases of an ensemble of particles. When the generation threshold is exceeded, the initiating field may not be required. It is shown that the convergence of the oscillator phases with the field phases at the locations of moving oscillators is noticeable only near their exit from the system. At the same time, a complete coincidence of the phases of synchronized oscillators and the field phases in the region of their localization is not observed. Nevertheless, the intensity of the generation field in the superradiance mode significantly exceeds the spontaneous level, which allows us to speak about the signs of induced radiation. The features of the development of the quantum process of superradiance of an ensemble of dipoles are discussed, and a system of equations for its description is given. The features of the quantum analog of superradiance are qualitatively modeled, and the role of the Rabi frequency determining the dynamics of the population inversion is noted. The nutation of the population inversion in the region occupied by the field affect the field intensity not only in this local zone, but also in subsequent regions of the active zone. This explains the unusual nature of the generation development: the field growth in a certain region of the active zone first stabilizes and then decreases significantly. This decrease in intensity also occurs in the direction of radiation in the peripheral regions of the active zone, despite the large energy reserve in them in the form of unperturbed population inversion.
The two—component superradiative medium consists of two species of atoms with the different dipole moments of the quasi-resonant transitions. The atoms with the smaller dipole moment are initially in the excited state, while е atoms of the second type are initially in the ground state. In the initial stage of the superradiance dynamics the first component is amplifying one, the second component is resonantly absorbing. By varying the concentration of the resonantly absorbing atoms it is possible to increase the intensity of superradiance in the few order of magnitude with respect to the monocomponent medium of the amplifying atoms alone. Here we show that the variation in the distribution of the component densities enables us the additional possibilities in the control of the superradiance pulse parameters. The additional increase in the order of magnitude for the peak pulse intensity is obtained at the optimal distribution. The nature of such variation in the pulse profile and its intensity is due to the opportunity for the effective spatial mode selection in the spatial inhomogeneous media. We discuss the algorithms of е numerical solution and show that the enhanced accuracy methods can be developed in this case.