Due to the mobility, service discovery and service selection in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), the routing protocol of MANET must adapt to the rapid changes of the network structure, and ensure that the services will be available to the users as quickly as possible.This paper proposes a kind of new quantum based MANET with the help of which service discovery will be fast enough that the user will not get a break in connection and swap over multiple services very fast with the help of quantum bits.By embedding MANET with quantum computing bits, it can effectively reduce the time for service selection, improve the delivery rate of data packets, and reduce the time delay of switching between services.The goal of this work is to shed light on the challenges and the open problems of the Quantum bits dealing with MANET design.To this aim, we first introduce some basic knowledge of Quantum mechanics, MANET needed to understand the differences between a MANET and the design we are thinking quantum MANET.Then, we introduce quantum bits as the key strategy for service swapping without physically transferring the particle that stores the quantum information.Finally, we will introduce the challenges that can be faced while transferring data over quantum bits.
Due to the mobility, service discovery and service selection in Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET), the routing protocol of MANET must adapt to the rapid changes of the network structure, and ensure that the services will be available to the users as quickly as possible.This paper proposes a kind of new quantum based MANET with the help of which service discovery will be fast enough that the user will not get a break in connection and swap over multiple services very fast with the help of quantum bits.By embedding MANET with quantum computing bits, it can effectively reduce the time for service selection, improve the delivery rate of data packets, and reduce the time delay of switching between services.The goal of this work is to shed light on the challenges and the open problems of the Quantum bits dealing with MANET design.To this aim, we first introduce some basic knowledge of Quantum mechanics, MANET needed to understand the differences between a MANET and the design we are thinking quantum MANET.Then, we introduce quantum bits as the key strategy for service swapping without physically transferring the particle that stores the quantum information.Finally, we will introduce the challenges that can be faced while transferring data over quantum bits.
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network of mobile devices that are linked without any wire. Every mobile device in MANET moves in any direction. Security is a key problem in MANET of providing the secured communication with routing and packet forwarding process. In order to improve the security during the data communication, Quantum Key Distribution based Secured Data Communication (QKD-SDC) technique is designed in MANET. In QKD-SDC technique, quantum based cryptography used the quantum mechanics for secured data communication. Initially, Quantum based Cryptography performs Quantum Key Generation and Quantum Key distribution process. In Quantum Key Generation process, quantum key is generated and the key is shared to the receiver. With help of the quantum key, the original data gets encrypted as qubits. In Quantum Key distribution process, the qubits are sent to the receiver end through quantum communication channel along with the quantum key. At the receiver end, when the quantum key gets matched with receiver's quantum key, the qubits are decrypted to obtain the original data. When the key is not matched, the qubits get dropped. This in turn helps to improve the secured data communication in quantum communication channel. Experimental evaluation of QKD-SDC technique is carried out with the performance metrics such as data loss rate, throughput and time for secured data delivery. Experimental analysis shows that the QKD-SDC technique is able to reduce the data loss rate and also improves the throughput when compared to the state-of-the-art works.
In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), routing protocols directly affect various indices of network Quality of Service (QoS), so they play an important role in network performance. To address the drawbacks associated with traditional routing protocols in MANETs, such as poor anti-fading performance and slow convergence rate, for basic Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), propose a new routing model based on improved Grover’s searching algorithm. In this paper, a hybrid approach that combines quantum walks with Grover search is proposed so that the search is accelerated and optimum is found with fewer numbers of iterations. By taking advantage of quantum tunneling effect, local barriers are overcome and better threshold values can be found, especially at the early stage of search process. The new algorithm based on the formalism of continuous-time quantum walk is demonstrated. With this new routing model, each node maintains a node vector function, and all the nodes can obtain a node probability vector using improved Grover’s algorithm, and then select an optimal routing according to node probability. Simulation results show that compared with DSR, this new routing protocol can effectively extend the network lifetime, as well as reduce the network delay and the number of routing hops. The results between the new algorithm and the state-of-the-art Grover search method are also compared.
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network(MANET) is a structure-less network where the mobile nodes randomly moved in any direction within the transmission range of the network. Due to this mobility, wide range of intrusion occurs in MANET. Therefore, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are significant in MANETs to identify the malicious behavior. In order to improve the secured data communication an efficient Quantum Phase Shift Energy Conserved Data Security (QPSEC-DS) technique is introduced. The Quantum Phase Shift (QPS) technique is used for ensuring the security during the data transmission from sender to receiver in MANET. Initially, the quantum based approach is used to encrypt the information using QPS at the sender through secret key distribution. The receiver side also performs the same QPS, and then the encrypted bit is received successfully. This in turns attains the secured packet transmission without any malicious node in the MANET. Based on the phase shifting, the energy conservation between the sender and receiver is measured for transmitting the data packet using QPSEC-DS technique. Also, the enhanced Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is applied in QPSEC-DS technique is implemented to improve the energy management and secured data communication between the source and destination in an efficient manner. The QPSEC-DS technique conducts the simulations work on parameters including packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, communication overhead and end to end delay.
In the mobile wireless communication network, the network is a dynamic topology. In addition, mobile ad hoc network is a vulnerable network. The message transmitted from source to destination may traverse several intermediate nodes. The sender and receiver need set up a routing path from source to destination. It is a hard problem to build a secure routing path from source to destination because an attacker, malicious node or eavesdropper, may attack any part of a routing path from source to destination. Therefore, to prevent or to detect the randomized attacks from an attacker becomes the difficult problem. In order to deal with randomized attacks in the routing path, this paper designs a secure quantum mechanism which can provide that the transferred quantum packet is secure between the sender and receiver. This mechanism proposes a new concept, a flexible quantum frame which randomly permutes the data qubits and the control qubits. In addition, the proposed mechanism supports a special relation between the data qubits and the control qubits. The sender and receiver have the agreement to know this special relation. Based on this special relation, the data security of transferred quantum packet can be achieved.
Quantum cryptography is described as a point-to-point secure key generation technology that has emerged in recent times in providing absolute security. Researchers have started studying new innovative approaches to exploit the security of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for a large-scale communication system. A number of approaches and models for utilization of QKD for secure communication have been developed. The uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics created a new paradigm for QKD. One of the approaches for use of QKD involved network fashioned security. The main goal was point-to-point Quantum network that exploited QKD technology for end-to-end network security via high speed QKD. Other approaches and models equipped with QKD in network fashion are introduced in the literature as. A different approach that this paper deals with is using QKD in existing protocols, which are widely used on the Internet to enhance security with main objective of unconditional security. Our work is towards the analysis of the QKD in Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET).
The Quantum Internet, a network interconnecting remote quantum devices through quantum links in synergy with classical ones, is envisioned as the final stage of the quantum revolution, opening fundamentally new communications and computing capabilities. But the Quantum Internet is governed by the laws of quantum mechanics. Phenomena with no counterpart in classical networks, such as no-cloning, quantum measurement, entanglement and quantum teleportation, impose new challenging constraints for network design. Specifically, classical network functionalities are based on the assumption that classical information can be safely read and copied. However, this assumption does not hold in the Quantum Internet. As a consequence, its design requires a major network-paradigm shift to harness the quantum mechanics specificities. The goal of this work is to shed light on the challenges and open problems of Quantum Internet design. We first introduce some basic knowledge of quantum mechanics, needed to understand the differences between a classical and a quantum network. Then, we introduce quantum teleportation as the key strategy for transmitting quantum information without physically transferring the particle that stores the quantum information or violating the principles of quantum mechanics. Finally, the key research challenges to design quantum communication networks are discussed.