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CRC Press eBooks

Electric Field Effects on Persistent Spectral Holes: Applications in Photonics

Udo Bogner

Published Jul 29, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) is a new method in the laser spectroscopy of solids. This method is based on the existence of zero-phonon lines in the spectra of light-absorbing species, such as impurities (molecules, ions, etc.) or color centers in crystalline or amorphous materials. This chapter describes the electric field effects on persistent spectral holes and in particular special applications in electrooptics and photonics. It demonstrates that PSHB is useful not only for digital processes, such as data storage in the electric field domain, but also for analog processes concerning, in particular, the modulation and pulse forming of laser beams and hybrid optical bistability. The chapter also discusses the future prospects of the possible applications of PSHB and electric field effects. For future possible applications involving PSHB techniques in everyday appliances, it is important to provide room-temperature operation.

DOI
10.1201/9781003067412-12

Related papers

Persistent spectral hole burning and optical data processing

Karl K. Rebane

Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) and its applications in data storage and processing are described. Purely electronic zero-phonon lines having very high peak values in the low temperature impurity spectra of solids are considered. Limitations for very large capacity PSHB memories put by the number of impurity molecules to store one bit are discussed. Doped with impurities optical fiber memory is proposed as a means to have low impurity concentration simultaneously with a large number of the impurities to store one bit. Bit-by-bit (digital) storage is compared to the distributed one and the advantages of the two versions of the latter -- PSHB holography and PSHB modeling of neural networks -- are considered. An experiment of simultaneous read-out over coordinates and frequency in neural network modeling is described. Requirements to PSHB materials and possibilities of the existence of materials effective at high temperatures are discussed.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Apr 27, 1993•0 citations

Persistent Spectral Hole Burning: Time- and Space-Domain Holography

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Persistent spectral hole burning (PHSB) provides a unique possibility of controlling, by means of illumination with high spectral resolution, optical properties, the coefficient of absorption and the index of refraction in the impurity absorption band of doped solid materials. New versions of holography are the most successful application of PSHB data storage and processing. It utilizes both distributed storage and parallel processing and demonstrates the advantages and potentials of PSHB in this field. An interesting property of time and space-domain holograms occurs in connection with external electric fields: the pseudo-Stark splitting of narrow spectral holes due to the linear Stark effect in an external electric field manifests itself as an additional modulation of holographically stored signals in the time domain. The idea of PSHB time- and space-domain holography is simple. When a PSHB sample is illuminated by a pulse of light, the intensity (more precisely, the doses of illumination), in dependence of the frequency, is stored in the hole profile.

CRC Press eBooks•Jul 29, 2020•1 citation

Applications of Electric Field Effects on Persistent Spectral Holes

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We studied the effects of an external electric field on persistent spectral holes in an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition of dye molecules embedded in crystalline or disordered solids.1 The results are applied to optical data storage in the electric field dimension, modulation and pulse forming of laser beams,1,2 and hybrid optical bistability.

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Persistent Spectral Hole Burning Applications in Distributed Data Storage and Processing

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Brief review of zero-phonon lines, persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) and its applications is given. The provided by PSHB additional dimension - the spectral one in optical data storage allows in principle to get densities up to 1012 bit cm−2 or 1016 bit cm−3. In both cases an 1016 cm−3 cell comprising on average only 100 impurity molecules is involved to store a bit. It is a two small amount because of fluctuations in the distribution of impurities over the cells. Parallel processing and distributed data storage, realized in PSHB holography and optical modelling of neural networks, are prospective to utilize the full capacity of PSHB storage and processing.

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Electric Field Effect on Accumulated Photon Echoes in Dye Doped Polymers

Hansruedi Gygax, Alexander Rebane, H. Schwoerer +1 more

Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) is a versatile tool to study Stark effect in solids where impurity spectra is strongly inhomogeneously broadened. At liquid helium temperatures impurity homogeneous zero-phonon line widths are small (γhom~10–2-10–4cm–1) and narrow holes can be burnt in the inhomogeneous distribution by illumination with narrow band laser(Δνlaser < γhom) U1- Stark effect alters the shape of narrow spectral holes depending on the Stark shift (splitting) of impurity energy levels, orientation of the impurities, strength and orientation of the electric field, as well as on the properties of the matrix [2].

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Aspects of hole burning and spectro-temporal holography in molecular doped solids (Review)

Jean‐Pierre Galaup

The persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) phenomenon has been known since 1974. It is still an important research area for the study of the intimacy of complex molecular systems in the solid state, revealing high-resolution spectra, photophysics, photochemistry, and dynamics of molecular doped amorphous media, organic as well as inorganic. From another point of view, PSHB allows the engraving of any spectral structures in the inhomogeneous absorption band profile of molecular doped amorphous hosts or ion doped crystals cooled down to liquid helium temperatures. Therefore, a PSHB material is programmable in the spectral domain and consequently it can be transformed in an optical processor capable of achieving user-defined optical functions. Some aspects of both fields are illustrated in the present paper. Concerning the search for efficient PSHB materials, the hole-burning performances and the photophysics of polymer and xerogel based systems are compared. The problem of high-temperature persistent spectral hole-burning materials and the search for new frequency selective photosensitive systems for fast optical pulse processing at 800nm are considered. Regarding the points treated, inorganic hosts based on silicate xerogels or porous glasses have shown the best results. Moreover, by combining inorganic and organic capabilities or by grafting organic species to the host, hybrid xerogels have not yet revealed all possibilities. Also, the interest of two-photon materials for engraving spectral features with near-infrared or infrared light is developed. As an introduction to possible applications of PSHB material, the basics of spectro-temporal holography are remembered and a demonstrative experiment using a naphthalocyanine-doped polymer film is described, proving that the temporal aberration free recompression of ultrashort light pulses is feasible, therefore opening a way for applications in ultrashort light pulse shaping. Aspects for a comparison between cw hole-burning and femtosecond spectro-temporal experiments are considered, and prospects for coherent control of light fields or photochemical processes are also evoked.

Low Temperature Physics•Nov 1, 2006•1 citation
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) is a new method in the laser spectroscopy of solids. This method is based on the existence of zero-phonon lines in the spectra of light-absorbing species, such as impurities (molecules, ions, etc.) or color centers in crystalline or amorphous materials. This chapter describes the electric field effects on persistent spectral holes and in particular special applications in electrooptics and photonics. It demonstrates that PSHB is useful not only for digital processes, such as data storage in the electric field domain, but also for analog processes concerning, in particular, the modulation and pulse forming of laser beams and hybrid optical bistability. The chapter also discusses the future prospects of the possible applications of PSHB and electric field effects. For future possible applications involving PSHB techniques in everyday appliances, it is important to provide room-temperature operation.
Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) and its applications in data storage and processing are described. Purely electronic zero-phonon lines having very high peak values in the low temperature impurity spectra of solids are considered. Limitations for very large capacity PSHB memories put by the number of impurity molecules to store one bit are discussed. Doped with impurities optical fiber memory is proposed as a means to have low impurity concentration simultaneously with a large number of the impurities to store one bit. Bit-by-bit (digital) storage is compared to the distributed one and the advantages of the two versions of the latter -- PSHB holography and PSHB modeling of neural networks -- are considered. An experiment of simultaneous read-out over coordinates and frequency in neural network modeling is described. Requirements to PSHB materials and possibilities of the existence of materials effective at high temperatures are discussed.
Persistent spectral hole burning (PHSB) provides a unique possibility of controlling, by means of illumination with high spectral resolution, optical properties, the coefficient of absorption and the index of refraction in the impurity absorption band of doped solid materials. New versions of holography are the most successful application of PSHB data storage and processing. It utilizes both distributed storage and parallel processing and demonstrates the advantages and potentials of PSHB in this field. An interesting property of time and space-domain holograms occurs in connection with external electric fields: the pseudo-Stark splitting of narrow spectral holes due to the linear Stark effect in an external electric field manifests itself as an additional modulation of holographically stored signals in the time domain. The idea of PSHB time- and space-domain holography is simple. When a PSHB sample is illuminated by a pulse of light, the intensity (more precisely, the doses of illumination), in dependence of the frequency, is stored in the hole profile.
Brief review of zero-phonon lines, persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) and its applications is given. The provided by PSHB additional dimension - the spectral one in optical data storage allows in principle to get densities up to 1012 bit cm−2 or 1016 bit cm−3. In both cases an 1016 cm−3 cell comprising on average only 100 impurity molecules is involved to store a bit. It is a two small amount because of fluctuations in the distribution of impurities over the cells. Parallel processing and distributed data storage, realized in PSHB holography and optical modelling of neural networks, are prospective to utilize the full capacity of PSHB storage and processing.
Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) is a versatile tool to study Stark effect in solids where impurity spectra is strongly inhomogeneously broadened. At liquid helium temperatures impurity homogeneous zero-phonon line widths are small (γhom~10–2-10–4cm–1) and narrow holes can be burnt in the inhomogeneous distribution by illumination with narrow band laser(Δνlaser < γhom) U1- Stark effect alters the shape of narrow spectral holes depending on the Stark shift (splitting) of impurity energy levels, orientation of the impurities, strength and orientation of the electric field, as well as on the properties of the matrix [2].
The persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) phenomenon has been known since 1974. It is still an important research area for the study of the intimacy of complex molecular systems in the solid state, revealing high-resolution spectra, photophysics, photochemistry, and dynamics of molecular doped amorphous media, organic as well as inorganic. From another point of view, PSHB allows the engraving of any spectral structures in the inhomogeneous absorption band profile of molecular doped amorphous hosts or ion doped crystals cooled down to liquid helium temperatures. Therefore, a PSHB material is programmable in the spectral domain and consequently it can be transformed in an optical processor capable of achieving user-defined optical functions. Some aspects of both fields are illustrated in the present paper. Concerning the search for efficient PSHB materials, the hole-burning performances and the photophysics of polymer and xerogel based systems are compared. The problem of high-temperature persistent spectral hole-burning materials and the search for new frequency selective photosensitive systems for fast optical pulse processing at 800nm are considered. Regarding the points treated, inorganic hosts based on silicate xerogels or porous glasses have shown the best results. Moreover, by combining inorganic and organic capabilities or by grafting organic species to the host, hybrid xerogels have not yet revealed all possibilities. Also, the interest of two-photon materials for engraving spectral features with near-infrared or infrared light is developed. As an introduction to possible applications of PSHB material, the basics of spectro-temporal holography are remembered and a demonstrative experiment using a naphthalocyanine-doped polymer film is described, proving that the temporal aberration free recompression of ultrashort light pulses is feasible, therefore opening a way for applications in ultrashort light pulse shaping. Aspects for a comparison between cw hole-burning and femtosecond spectro-temporal experiments are considered, and prospects for coherent control of light fields or photochemical processes are also evoked.