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Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications

Electric Field Effect on Accumulated Photon Echoes in Dye Doped Polymers

Hansruedi Gygax, Alexander Rebane, H. Schwoerer, Urs P. Wild

Published Jan 1, 1992• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) is a versatile tool to study Stark effect in solids where impurity spectra is strongly inhomogeneously broadened. At liquid helium temperatures impurity homogeneous zero-phonon line widths are small (γhom~10–2-10–4cm–1) and narrow holes can be burnt in the inhomogeneous distribution by illumination with narrow band laser(Δνlaser < γhom) U1- Stark effect alters the shape of narrow spectral holes depending on the Stark shift (splitting) of impurity energy levels, orientation of the impurities, strength and orientation of the electric field, as well as on the properties of the matrix [2].

DOI
10.1364/shbl.1992.tub8

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Stark Effect on Persistent Spectral Holes Measured by Electric Field Modulation Technique

Toshiyuki Shimada, Hiroyuki Suzuki

An external field applied to dye doped polymers which have inhomogeneous dispersion in their absorption spectra causes a shift in the absorption of the dye molecules. This, in turn, changes the line shapes of persistent spectral holes1). The Stark effect has been applied to optical storage2) and optical computing3). It has been also used as a powerful tool for investigating such physical profiles of materials as the difference between the effective molecular electric dipole moments in the host matrix in the ground and excited states which is related to hole burning4),5).

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Electric Field Effects on Persistent Spectral Holes: Applications in Photonics

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Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) is a new method in the laser spectroscopy of solids. This method is based on the existence of zero-phonon lines in the spectra of light-absorbing species, such as impurities (molecules, ions, etc.) or color centers in crystalline or amorphous materials. This chapter describes the electric field effects on persistent spectral holes and in particular special applications in electrooptics and photonics. It demonstrates that PSHB is useful not only for digital processes, such as data storage in the electric field domain, but also for analog processes concerning, in particular, the modulation and pulse forming of laser beams and hybrid optical bistability. The chapter also discusses the future prospects of the possible applications of PSHB and electric field effects. For future possible applications involving PSHB techniques in everyday appliances, it is important to provide room-temperature operation.

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Persistent Spectral Hole Burning: Time- and Space-Domain Holography

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Persistent spectral hole burning (PHSB) provides a unique possibility of controlling, by means of illumination with high spectral resolution, optical properties, the coefficient of absorption and the index of refraction in the impurity absorption band of doped solid materials. New versions of holography are the most successful application of PSHB data storage and processing. It utilizes both distributed storage and parallel processing and demonstrates the advantages and potentials of PSHB in this field. An interesting property of time and space-domain holograms occurs in connection with external electric fields: the pseudo-Stark splitting of narrow spectral holes due to the linear Stark effect in an external electric field manifests itself as an additional modulation of holographically stored signals in the time domain. The idea of PSHB time- and space-domain holography is simple. When a PSHB sample is illuminated by a pulse of light, the intensity (more precisely, the doses of illumination), in dependence of the frequency, is stored in the hole profile.

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Time Domain Holography

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It is acknowledged that inhomogeneous absorption bands consisting of narrow homogeneous zero-phonon lines (ZPL) can be used for the purpose of optical data storage in the frequency dimension /1/. Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) /2,3/ has made it feasible to preserve the recorded frequency domain information for a practically unlimited period of time. Via PSHB the inhomogeneous distribution function of the resonance frequencies of the impurity zero-phonon lines can be altered in an almost arbitrary fashion. This, in turn, makes it possible to manipulate the absorption coefficient and correlated to it index of refraction of the optical storage media. On this basis it has been proposed to use PSHB for the shaping of laser pulses via Fourier synthesis /4/. Holographic storage of time domain optical signals in PSHB media was proposed by Mossberg /5/. In the first experiments on the PSHB time domain holography the reproduction of various temporal shapes of picosecond pulses was demonstrated in dye doped polymers cooled to liquid helium temperature /6/. Earlier Zuikov et al. observed correlation between the temporal shapes of nanosecond excitation laser pulses and photon echo signals /7/. Since that time a variety of experiments on time domain holography in different resonant media have been reported (see /8/ and references therein).

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Requirements to impurity activated solids as materials for optical data storage and processing

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Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) has remarkable applications in optical data storage and processing, including space-frequency and space-time domain holographies. Experiments have proven practically everything predicted and proposed by theory. The bottleneck between laboratory experiments and commercial applications is the need in low (liquid He) temperatures, as the main parameter of the data storage efficiency-the ratio between the inhomogeneous and homogeneous zero-phonon line (ZPL) widths α(T) = Γinh/Γhom(T)-- decreases owing to the rapid increase of Γhom(T) with temperature. A few optical and Mossbauer ZPLs are narrow even at RT, but they have usually also narrow Γinh. It is proposed to enlarge Γinh by making use of the Doppler effect. Two possible manifestations of the Doppler effect in the Universe are also discussed.

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The possibility to investigate the influence of external electric and magnetic fields on complex molecules in amorphous solids is essentially limited by a large width of their spectral bands (Δν=102-103 cm−1 even at liquid helium temperature). Hole-burning opens up new excellent opportunities for using the Stark and Zeeman effects in spectroscopy of molecules and solids and their different applications [1]. Owing to the small hole width (Δν=10−1-10−2 cm−1 at 2-5 K) the sensitivity of measurements increases by several orders of magnitude.

Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications•Jan 1, 1991•0 citations
Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) is a versatile tool to study Stark effect in solids where impurity spectra is strongly inhomogeneously broadened. At liquid helium temperatures impurity homogeneous zero-phonon line widths are small (γhom~10–2-10–4cm–1) and narrow holes can be burnt in the inhomogeneous distribution by illumination with narrow band laser(Δνlaser < γhom) U1- Stark effect alters the shape of narrow spectral holes depending on the Stark shift (splitting) of impurity energy levels, orientation of the impurities, strength and orientation of the electric field, as well as on the properties of the matrix [2].
An external field applied to dye doped polymers which have inhomogeneous dispersion in their absorption spectra causes a shift in the absorption of the dye molecules. This, in turn, changes the line shapes of persistent spectral holes1). The Stark effect has been applied to optical storage2) and optical computing3). It has been also used as a powerful tool for investigating such physical profiles of materials as the difference between the effective molecular electric dipole moments in the host matrix in the ground and excited states which is related to hole burning4),5).
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) is a new method in the laser spectroscopy of solids. This method is based on the existence of zero-phonon lines in the spectra of light-absorbing species, such as impurities (molecules, ions, etc.) or color centers in crystalline or amorphous materials. This chapter describes the electric field effects on persistent spectral holes and in particular special applications in electrooptics and photonics. It demonstrates that PSHB is useful not only for digital processes, such as data storage in the electric field domain, but also for analog processes concerning, in particular, the modulation and pulse forming of laser beams and hybrid optical bistability. The chapter also discusses the future prospects of the possible applications of PSHB and electric field effects. For future possible applications involving PSHB techniques in everyday appliances, it is important to provide room-temperature operation.
Persistent spectral hole burning (PHSB) provides a unique possibility of controlling, by means of illumination with high spectral resolution, optical properties, the coefficient of absorption and the index of refraction in the impurity absorption band of doped solid materials. New versions of holography are the most successful application of PSHB data storage and processing. It utilizes both distributed storage and parallel processing and demonstrates the advantages and potentials of PSHB in this field. An interesting property of time and space-domain holograms occurs in connection with external electric fields: the pseudo-Stark splitting of narrow spectral holes due to the linear Stark effect in an external electric field manifests itself as an additional modulation of holographically stored signals in the time domain. The idea of PSHB time- and space-domain holography is simple. When a PSHB sample is illuminated by a pulse of light, the intensity (more precisely, the doses of illumination), in dependence of the frequency, is stored in the hole profile.
It is acknowledged that inhomogeneous absorption bands consisting of narrow homogeneous zero-phonon lines (ZPL) can be used for the purpose of optical data storage in the frequency dimension /1/. Persistent spectral hole-burning (PSHB) /2,3/ has made it feasible to preserve the recorded frequency domain information for a practically unlimited period of time. Via PSHB the inhomogeneous distribution function of the resonance frequencies of the impurity zero-phonon lines can be altered in an almost arbitrary fashion. This, in turn, makes it possible to manipulate the absorption coefficient and correlated to it index of refraction of the optical storage media. On this basis it has been proposed to use PSHB for the shaping of laser pulses via Fourier synthesis /4/. Holographic storage of time domain optical signals in PSHB media was proposed by Mossberg /5/. In the first experiments on the PSHB time domain holography the reproduction of various temporal shapes of picosecond pulses was demonstrated in dye doped polymers cooled to liquid helium temperature /6/. Earlier Zuikov et al. observed correlation between the temporal shapes of nanosecond excitation laser pulses and photon echo signals /7/. Since that time a variety of experiments on time domain holography in different resonant media have been reported (see /8/ and references therein).
Persistent spectral hole burning (PSHB) has remarkable applications in optical data storage and processing, including space-frequency and space-time domain holographies. Experiments have proven practically everything predicted and proposed by theory. The bottleneck between laboratory experiments and commercial applications is the need in low (liquid He) temperatures, as the main parameter of the data storage efficiency-the ratio between the inhomogeneous and homogeneous zero-phonon line (ZPL) widths α(T) = Γinh/Γhom(T)-- decreases owing to the rapid increase of Γhom(T) with temperature. A few optical and Mossbauer ZPLs are narrow even at RT, but they have usually also narrow Γinh. It is proposed to enlarge Γinh by making use of the Doppler effect. Two possible manifestations of the Doppler effect in the Universe are also discussed.
The possibility to investigate the influence of external electric and magnetic fields on complex molecules in amorphous solids is essentially limited by a large width of their spectral bands (Δν=102-103 cm−1 even at liquid helium temperature). Hole-burning opens up new excellent opportunities for using the Stark and Zeeman effects in spectroscopy of molecules and solids and their different applications [1]. Owing to the small hole width (Δν=10−1-10−2 cm−1 at 2-5 K) the sensitivity of measurements increases by several orders of magnitude.