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Spectral Hole-Burning and Related Spectroscopies: Science and Applications

Applications of Electric Field Effects on Persistent Spectral Holes

Max Maier

Published Jan 1, 1991• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the effects of an external electric field on persistent spectral holes in an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition of dye molecules embedded in crystalline or disordered solids.1 The results are applied to optical data storage in the electric field dimension, modulation and pulse forming of laser beams,1,2 and hybrid optical bistability.

DOI
10.1364/pshb.1991.thd1

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Applied Physics Letters•Mar 15, 1985•35 citations
We studied the effects of an external electric field on persistent spectral holes in an inhomogeneously broadened optical transition of dye molecules embedded in crystalline or disordered solids.1 The results are applied to optical data storage in the electric field dimension, modulation and pulse forming of laser beams,1,2 and hybrid optical bistability.
An external field applied to dye doped polymers which have inhomogeneous dispersion in their absorption spectra causes a shift in the absorption of the dye molecules. This, in turn, changes the line shapes of persistent spectral holes1). The Stark effect has been applied to optical storage2) and optical computing3). It has been also used as a powerful tool for investigating such physical profiles of materials as the difference between the effective molecular electric dipole moments in the host matrix in the ground and excited states which is related to hole burning4),5).
The dependence of spectral holes of dye molecules in amorphous solids on the following parameters has been calculated: the electric field strength, the angles between the hole-burning and probing laser light fields and the external electric field, the electric dipole moment difference Δμm between the excited and ground state of the guest molecule, the contribution Δμ* of the host matrix to the electric dipole moment difference, and the angle γ, between Δμm and the transition dipole moment μge. When the molecular dipole moment difference Δμm dominates the spectral hole broadens or splits into two holes by the application of the electric field, depending on the angle γ and the directions of the laser light fields and the external field. With increasing values of the host-induced electric dipole moment difference Δμ* the spectral hole shape in the electric field changes significantly if appropriate directions of the light fields and the external field are chosen. The material parameters γ, Δμm, and Δμ* can be determined unequivocally by comparing the calculated holes both in the frequency dimension and the electric field dimension with experimental results.
Photochemical or photophysical transformations induced by highly monochromatic laser radiation can drastically reduce the concentration of molecules absorbing at a particular wavelength within an inhomogeneously broadened absorption band. These spectral holes can be broadened, removed, shifted or split by the application of an external electric field under appropriate conditions. This property provides a nonlinear response in sample transmission, absorption, or diffraction and can be coupled with feedback to produce novel electro-optical devices. These devices include electrically activated, frequency selective, monostable, bistable, or multistable switches.
The electric field domain is used as a storage dimension in optical data storage by persistent spectral hole burning. The memory locations in the electric field domain are addressed with the voltage applied to the sample consisting of the amorphous polymer polyvinyl-butyral doped with the dye 9-amino acridine. The information is written by burning spectral holes at different electric field strengths with a HeCd laser and read by detecting the presence or absence of holes with weak laser intensity.