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Optics Communications

Double resonance optical pumping-polarization spectroscopy of an excited state transition

Baodong Yang, Yi Liu, Junmin Wang

Published May 26, 2020• 8 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/j.optcom.2020.126102

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Abstract We present a laser frequency locking scheme for the high excited transition of rubidium, which cannot be directly referenced by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy and two-photon transition spectroscopy of a 5 S → 5 P → 5 D transition are obtained in a room temperature vapor cell and employed as the reference sources. An Allan deviation of 1.71 × 10 −12 at an averaging time of 2048 s with a residual frequency fluctuation of ±0.2 MHz over 7000 s is obtained by two-photon transition spectroscopy. The case of double resonance optical pumping spectroscopy presents an Allan deviation of 4.86 × 10 −12 at an averaging time of 2048 s with a residual frequency fluctuation of ±0.4 MHz over 7000 s. One distinct advantage of two-photon transition spectroscopy method is demonstrated by the analysis of the fast Fourier transform of error signal. A narrower full width at half-maximum of two-photon transition spectroscopy and a higher zero crossing slope by using a frequency modulation method lead to a better frequency stabilization. This work provides a technical basis for the laser frequency stabilization based on atomic and molecular transition spectroscopy, and it also supplies a new frequency standard for optical telecommunication applications.
Two schemes of Doppler-free high-resolution velocity-selective optical-pumping atomic spectroscopy, named single-resonance optical pumping (SROP) and double-resonance optical pumping (DROP), are performed and characterized with room-temperature cesium vapor cells. Due to velocity-selective optical pumping from one hyperfine fold of ground state to another via one-photon excitation in SROP or cascade two-photon excitation in DROP and decay processes thereafter, the atomic population variation of one hyperfine fold of ground state is indicated by SROP and DROP spectra by using of the transmission of the probe laser which is usually frequency locked to a cycling hyperfine transition. As a result, SROP and DROP spectra often have flat background and higher signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, SROP and DROP spectra are very useful for measurement of the dressed-state splitting of ground state with an alkali atomic vapor cell, precise measurement of hyperfine splitting of alkali atomic excited states, frequency references for laser frequency stabilization, two-color MOT, and so on.
We propose and demonstrate the velocity transfer spectroscopy of a V-type energy structure with Rb atoms at 420 nm transition. The weak oscillator strength of a lower excited state for V-type energy structure atoms limits the high signal-to-noise ratio of atomic laser spectroscopy, which can be usually realized by optical-optical double-resonance or double-resonance optical pumping for cascade-type energy structure atoms. For 87 Rb atoms, the weak 420 nm transition spectrum between the energy level of 5 2 S 1/2 and 6 2 P 3/2 is transferred to the spectrum on lower excited states at 780 nm with strong oscillator strength, which is recorded by a 780 nm probe laser. This method, which is similar to the electron-shelving detection method, at a certain degree can indirectly measure a higher excited state transition with weak oscillator strength for any V-type energy structure of atoms by transferring the transition spectrum information of the very weak oscillator strength to the strong oscillator strength in an optical-optical double-resonance configuration.