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Physical review. B./Physical review. B

Perfect quantum cloaking of tilted cylindrical nanocavities

Constantinos A. Valagiannopoulos

Published May 5, 2020• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A cornerstone in the operation of numerous detecting and sensing quantum setups is the sharp change in the response once a condition ceases to be effective; this regime is typically realized by perfectly cloaking a nanoinclusion from the propagating matter waves. Such a purpose is found well-served by optimally sized nanocylinders, embedded into a suitable quantum texture, that efficiently hide themselves from obliquely impinging electron beams. The optimal designs exhibit high selectivity for particle energies while being wideband with respect to incidence angles; these features render them deployable in various quantum devices from furtive sensors and detectors to quantum switches and matter-wave filters.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.101.195301

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A cornerstone in the operation of numerous detecting and sensing quantum setups is the sharp change in the response once a condition ceases to be effective; this regime is typically realized by perfectly cloaking a nanoinclusion from the propagating matter waves. Such a purpose is found well-served by optimally sized nanocylinders, embedded into a suitable quantum texture, that efficiently hide themselves from obliquely impinging electron beams. The optimal designs exhibit high selectivity for particle energies while being wideband with respect to incidence angles; these features render them deployable in various quantum devices from furtive sensors and detectors to quantum switches and matter-wave filters.
Selecting the quantum signals with respect to features like direction of propagation or impinging energy makes a ubiquitous operation that is employed in a variety of quantum engineering applications. The conditions for optimally selective angular and energy filtering via homogeneous planar inclusions are determined and the derived designs exhibit substantial robustness with respect to fabrication defects. The reported findings may open new uncharted directions towards the efficient design of integrated devices exploiting quantum filtering from sharp sensors and tuners to multiport networks and quantum circuits.
Abstract In the last few years, there is a huge upsurge in the number of closed deals regarding quantum technologies for materials, computing, communication and instrumentation. Such a trend has inevitably affected the research funding market; thus, large state initiatives are taken that are directly expected to drive the formulation of novel research concepts and the development of quantum device prototypes from sensors and circuitry to quantum memory and repeaters. A fundamental operation behind all these applications is the effective steering of electrons, constituting matter waves, along specific directions and with certain magnitudes, due to development of various reflective and refractive orders. The objective of this study is to optimize the simplest structure that supports such anomalous diffraction, namely a quantum metasurface comprising cylindrical rods embedded in suitable crystalline matter. Several highly-performing designs from these minimal setups are proven to work exceptionally as multiport components, employable to a variety of quantum engineering implementations.
Nanotubes with proper thickness, size, and texture make ultra-efficient sinks for quantum particles traveling into specific background media. Several optimal semiconducting cylindrical layers are reported to achieve enhancement in the trapping of matter waves by two to three orders of magnitude. The identified shells can be used as pieces in quantum devices that involve the focusing of incident beams, spanning from charge pumps and superconducting capacitors to radiation pattern controllers and matter-wave lenses.
Scattering of matter waves, present at multiple quantum setups, is required to be maximized in several applications from sensing and imaging to quantum switching and memory. The simplest case of a homogeneous spherical scatterer is rigorously solved and optimized with respect to its size, texture, and background by considering the effective quantum properties from a long directory of materials. In this context, several alternative layouts with maximal scattering efficiency are proposed, offering additional degrees of freedom in design without requirements for careful engineering of quantum texture. Many of the reported inclusions exhibit substantial selectivity in their scattering response, admitting them to operate as sharp filters for particle energies or sensitive detectors of electron beams.
We describe potentials which act as approximate cloaks for matter waves. These potentials are derived from ideal cloaks for the conductivity and Helmholtz equations. At most energies E, if a potential is surrounded by an approximate cloak, then it becomes almost undetectable and unaltered by matter waves originating externally to the cloak. For certain E, however, the approximate cloaks are resonant, supporting wave functions almost trapped inside the cloaked region and negligible outside. Applications include dc or magnetically tunable ion traps and beam switches.