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EPJ Quantum Technology

Anomalous diffraction of matter waves with minimal quantum metasurfaces

Constantinos A. Valagiannopoulos

Published Feb 6, 2021• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In the last few years, there is a huge upsurge in the number of closed deals regarding quantum technologies for materials, computing, communication and instrumentation. Such a trend has inevitably affected the research funding market; thus, large state initiatives are taken that are directly expected to drive the formulation of novel research concepts and the development of quantum device prototypes from sensors and circuitry to quantum memory and repeaters. A fundamental operation behind all these applications is the effective steering of electrons, constituting matter waves, along specific directions and with certain magnitudes, due to development of various reflective and refractive orders. The objective of this study is to optimize the simplest structure that supports such anomalous diffraction, namely a quantum metasurface comprising cylindrical rods embedded in suitable crystalline matter. Several highly-performing designs from these minimal setups are proven to work exceptionally as multiport components, employable to a variety of quantum engineering implementations.

DOI
10.1140/epjqt/s40507-021-00092-0

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Abstract In the last few years, there is a huge upsurge in the number of closed deals regarding quantum technologies for materials, computing, communication and instrumentation. Such a trend has inevitably affected the research funding market; thus, large state initiatives are taken that are directly expected to drive the formulation of novel research concepts and the development of quantum device prototypes from sensors and circuitry to quantum memory and repeaters. A fundamental operation behind all these applications is the effective steering of electrons, constituting matter waves, along specific directions and with certain magnitudes, due to development of various reflective and refractive orders. The objective of this study is to optimize the simplest structure that supports such anomalous diffraction, namely a quantum metasurface comprising cylindrical rods embedded in suitable crystalline matter. Several highly-performing designs from these minimal setups are proven to work exceptionally as multiport components, employable to a variety of quantum engineering implementations.
Quantum engineering, as a field of research, is currently attracting a huge scientific, funding, and commercial interest. A generic operation behind most of the related device setups is the efficient steering of quantum signals, by channeling or coupling them with specified intensities, to various spatial sections. This work provides several alternative material combinations for a planar guiding configuration, able to squeeze matter waves into tiny apertures while being maximally apt to evanescently couple them. It is also shown that the proposed designs can work under arbitrary curvature by supporting proper resonances, resulting in propagating or standing-wave patterns around them. The signal interaction between straight semiconducting wires and circular rings is demonstrated in layouts that can be used in a variety of components: from beam splitters and quantum memory elements to matter-wave transformers and quantum circuits.
Selecting the quantum signals with respect to features like direction of propagation or impinging energy makes a ubiquitous operation that is employed in a variety of quantum engineering applications. The conditions for optimally selective angular and energy filtering via homogeneous planar inclusions are determined and the derived designs exhibit substantial robustness with respect to fabrication defects. The reported findings may open new uncharted directions towards the efficient design of integrated devices exploiting quantum filtering from sharp sensors and tuners to multiport networks and quantum circuits.
The rapid development of quantum technologies has driven a revolution in related research areas such as quantum computation and communication, and quantum materials. The first prototypes of functional quantum devices are beginning to appear, frequently created using ensembles of atoms, which allow the observation of sensitive, quantum effects, and have important applications in quantum simulation and matter wave interferometry. This modern text offers a self-contained introduction to the fundamentals of quantum atom optics and atomic many-body matter wave systems. Assuming a familiarity with undergraduate quantum mechanics, this book will be accessible for graduate students and early career researchers moving into this important new field. A detailed description of the underlying theory of quantum atom optics is given, before development of the key, quantum, technological applications, such as atom interferometry, quantum simulation, quantum metrology, and quantum computing.
Optical metasurfaces, i.e., subwavelength planar nanostructures, have attracted increasing attention due to their unprecedented capabilities of molding classical light and revolutionized conventional optics by replacing bulky optical components with ultrathin, lightweight, and ultracompact meta-optics. In addition to controlling classical light, meta-optics demonstrate the potential to efficiently manipulate nonclassical light and start to enter the realm of quantum photonics. Here, we briefly overview recent advances in quantum meta-optics for generation and manipulation of nonclassical light, highlighting innovative approaches, and discuss future opportunities in this burgeoning area, ranging from fundamental research to practical applications.
Quantum technologies have a huge innovation potential and are set to revolutionize key sectors such as healthcare, finance, manufacturing, defense, and aerospace, offering advances in everyone's health, prosperity and security.We expect the market in 2024 to heat up with more commercial products.Despite the value creation potential of quantum sensing, quantum communications and quantum computing of several trillion euros over the next ten years and immense private and government funding, only very few beneficiaries have developed a strategy to build up expertise and collaborations -the 'late follower' strategy could prove to be a dead end.In 2024 we will see more quantum sensors that can yield unparalleled resolution revolutionizing, e.g., navigation and biomedical applications like brain imaging.The trend towards miniaturization and full integration of photonic components will further transform traditionally bulky systems, e.g., for quantum key distribution into affordable devices for the mass market.Furthermore, we'll probably see more R&D on fundamental concepts such as all-optical analog-to-digital converters paving the way to more efficient, low latency and high bandwidth applications in quantum communication and quantum computing systems.Photonic quantum computers must meet initial benchmarks to remain competitive as the or one of the leading platforms.Advancements in quantum machine learning where quantum photonics platforms have already demonstrated notable speedup, especially when resources are limited, will gain momentum.In return, photonic component designers will be able to benefit from reinforced learning once QCs crosses the threshold into practical, real-world applications.Quantum companies, end users, investors, and governments worldwide rely on QBN, recognized as the world's leading business network, think tank and nucleus of the global quantum ecosystem.They share our vision to 'establish quantum for good' to tackle global and societal challenges.Let's build a resilient and sustainable quantum economy in 2024 and the years to come!