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Quantum Engineering

Optimized quantum filtering of matter waves with respect to incidence direction and impinging energy

Constantinos A. Valagiannopoulos

Published Jul 24, 2020• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Selecting the quantum signals with respect to features like direction of propagation or impinging energy makes a ubiquitous operation that is employed in a variety of quantum engineering applications. The conditions for optimally selective angular and energy filtering via homogeneous planar inclusions are determined and the derived designs exhibit substantial robustness with respect to fabrication defects. The reported findings may open new uncharted directions towards the efficient design of integrated devices exploiting quantum filtering from sharp sensors and tuners to multiport networks and quantum circuits.

DOI
10.1002/que2.52

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Selecting the quantum signals with respect to features like direction of propagation or impinging energy makes a ubiquitous operation that is employed in a variety of quantum engineering applications. The conditions for optimally selective angular and energy filtering via homogeneous planar inclusions are determined and the derived designs exhibit substantial robustness with respect to fabrication defects. The reported findings may open new uncharted directions towards the efficient design of integrated devices exploiting quantum filtering from sharp sensors and tuners to multiport networks and quantum circuits.
The simple quantum setup of the Fabry-Perot interferometer from optics is found to exhibit very strong directional preference for impinging particle beams. Two types of resonances are identified, the different mechanisms of which are demonstrated through the spatial distribution of wave-function magnitude and probability current. These findings offer additional degrees of freedom when designing architectures for a broad range of quantum engineering applications involving beam tunneling, from e-beam steering to matter-wave filtering and quantum sensing. They also provide a set of limits for the angular selectivity that can be achieved with the considered geometry.
Abstract In the last few years, there is a huge upsurge in the number of closed deals regarding quantum technologies for materials, computing, communication and instrumentation. Such a trend has inevitably affected the research funding market; thus, large state initiatives are taken that are directly expected to drive the formulation of novel research concepts and the development of quantum device prototypes from sensors and circuitry to quantum memory and repeaters. A fundamental operation behind all these applications is the effective steering of electrons, constituting matter waves, along specific directions and with certain magnitudes, due to development of various reflective and refractive orders. The objective of this study is to optimize the simplest structure that supports such anomalous diffraction, namely a quantum metasurface comprising cylindrical rods embedded in suitable crystalline matter. Several highly-performing designs from these minimal setups are proven to work exceptionally as multiport components, employable to a variety of quantum engineering implementations.
A cornerstone in the operation of numerous detecting and sensing quantum setups is the sharp change in the response once a condition ceases to be effective; this regime is typically realized by perfectly cloaking a nanoinclusion from the propagating matter waves. Such a purpose is found well-served by optimally sized nanocylinders, embedded into a suitable quantum texture, that efficiently hide themselves from obliquely impinging electron beams. The optimal designs exhibit high selectivity for particle energies while being wideband with respect to incidence angles; these features render them deployable in various quantum devices from furtive sensors and detectors to quantum switches and matter-wave filters.
Scattering of matter waves, present at multiple quantum setups, is required to be maximized in several applications from sensing and imaging to quantum switching and memory. The simplest case of a homogeneous spherical scatterer is rigorously solved and optimized with respect to its size, texture, and background by considering the effective quantum properties from a long directory of materials. In this context, several alternative layouts with maximal scattering efficiency are proposed, offering additional degrees of freedom in design without requirements for careful engineering of quantum texture. Many of the reported inclusions exhibit substantial selectivity in their scattering response, admitting them to operate as sharp filters for particle energies or sensitive detectors of electron beams.