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Europhysics Letters (EPL)

Dressed controlled filter with phase transitions of Eu 3+ : YPO 4 and Pr 3+ : YPO 4

Habib Ullah, Faizan Raza, Fahad Nawaz, Ali Zamin, Jin-Yang Li, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Apr 23, 2020• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report the spectral and temporal nature of different phases of europium-doped YPO (Eu 3+ : YPO 4 ) and praseodymium-doped YPO (Pr 3+ : YPO 4 ) crystals. We investigate the change in the dressing effect by shifting the energy levels causing change in line-shape and resolution of the output spectral signal when we employ the hexagonal (H), tetragonal (T), and mixed phase of H and T with different proportions. Further, we propose a tunable spectral filter (narrow bandpass notch filter and bandstop filter) by controlling the dressed phases of Eu 3+ : YPO 4 . The high-resolution dressing peak suggests the realization of the tunable spectral filter with bandwidth contrast of about 93%.

DOI
10.1209/0295-5075/129/64002

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Abstract We study the Fano interference from different phase transitions of Eu3+:YPO4 and Pr3+:YPO4 crystals through simultaneous detection of bright and dark states. For this study, we employed tetragonal (T), hexahedral (H), and (H + T)-phases of YPO4 crystals. The Fano interfering bright and dark states are classified based on dressed spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing, dressed multi-order fluorescence, and hybrid signal regimes. Further, the Fano interference between conti-nuous and discrete states can be controlled from partly-(constructive–destructive)-interference through a phase transition, nonlinear phase, and dressing. The (H + T)-phase Pr3+:YPO4 suggests more obvious Fano interference in contrast to T- or H-phase Pr3+:YPO4. We report that the Pr3+:YPO4 and Eu3+:YPO4 demonstrates the dressed multi-level- and dressed single-level Fano interference, respectively, with further three types of Fano interference that can be distinguished at different time delays. The experimental measurement agrees with theoretical simulations. Such results may be used for the design of new types of quantum electronic or spintronic devices such as Fano-transistors.

New Journal of Physics•Jul 30, 2020•27 citations
We report the spectral and temporal nature of different phases of europium-doped YPO (Eu 3+ : YPO 4 ) and praseodymium-doped YPO (Pr 3+ : YPO 4 ) crystals. We investigate the change in the dressing effect by shifting the energy levels causing change in line-shape and resolution of the output spectral signal when we employ the hexagonal (H), tetragonal (T), and mixed phase of H and T with different proportions. Further, we propose a tunable spectral filter (narrow bandpass notch filter and bandstop filter) by controlling the dressed phases of Eu 3+ : YPO 4 . The high-resolution dressing peak suggests the realization of the tunable spectral filter with bandwidth contrast of about 93%.
We report the symmetry-dependent intensity–noise correlation and the intensity-difference squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) and fluorescence (FL) hybrid signals from the different phases [hexagonal (H) + tetragonal (T), T + H] of Pr3+: YPO4 and Eu3+: YPO4 crystals. The competition between FL and SP-FWM in hybrid signals determines the amplitude and hybrid line shape of the two-mode and three-mode correlation. The correlation amplitude switches from positive to negative due to strong double dressing caused by a high transition probability and a dipole moment of the (more H + less T)-phase of Pr3+: YPO4. This switching phenomenon is used to realize a metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor-based logic inverter. Furthermore, the line shape of correlation changes from broad to sharp due to weak dressing, transition probability, and a low dipole moment of the (more T + less H)-phase of Pr3+: YPO4. Based on these results, we proposed the model of a tunable correlation filter. Gate position, frequency detuning, and laser power control the amplitude and hybrid line shape. Our experimental results provide an advanced technique of bandwidth contrast of about 0.9%. Such notch filters have potential applications in quantum communications.
Abstract We investigated the evolution of spectral intensity of the composite signal (Stokes ( E S ) + fluorescence (FL)) by varying time delay in different phases (tetragonal (T), hexagonal (H), (T + H) and (H + T)) of Eu 3+ :YPO 4 and Pr 3+ :YPO 4 . In a composite signal, there exists a competition between FL and E S that can be modulated through dressing effect. We observed that dressing effect has strong dependence on dipole moment, transition probability and phase symmetry of atomic like media. The dressing suppression dip in H- and T-phase YPO 4 is relatively weaker than mixed (H + T)-phase YPO, while the dressing effect is weaker in Eu 3+ :YPO 4 as compared to Pr 3+ :YPO 4 . By adjusting the time delay, FL signal can be switched from suppression dip to enhancement peak and vice versa. Further, we explored intensity-difference squeezing and intensity-noise correlation between composite signal (FL + E S ) and anti-Stokes under nonlinear phase modulated by time delay. Based on our spectral intensity results, we realized the model of dressing based switch.
Abstract Atom-like nonlinear responses of rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Pr 3+ : YSO) exhibit unique features compared with other nonlinear crystals. The responses become more interesting, while Pr 3+ : YSO is modulated simultaneously by temperature and multi-parameters related to dressed state. The generations of Stokes and fluorescence (FL) signals are demonstrated in both time and spectral domains. Here, we are presenting a new controlling strategy by interaction between dressing and phonon on Pr 3+ : YSO to manipulate the intensity of Stokes and FL signals. Interaction between dressing and phonon leads to more stable nonlinear response of the YSO crystal, which is very important for integrated quantum photonic device stability and multi-functionality. Also, we have realized tunable hybrid spectral filter (narrow-band pass notch filter (NBPNF), narrow-band stop notch filter (NBSNF)) and time-division multiplexing router on Pr 3+ : YSO by controlling the interaction between dressing and phonons. Tunable hybrid spectral filter and pure NBPNF are realized from dressing dip of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting and spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Also, time-division multiplexing router is realized by time-domain adiabatic expansion. Furthermore, optical switch between tunable hybrid spectral filter to pure NBPNF is realized from dressing dip (AT splitting) to spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Our experimental results suggests advanced technique for realizing tunable hybrid spectral filter with a contrast of about 98%, and optical time-division multiplexing router with channel equalization is about 85%.
Abstract Laser interaction with doped crystals exhibiting photon–photon and photon–phonon coupling has been focused on recently. In pretext, here we report the spectral and temporal profile interaction of two lasers excitation through various phases of Eu3+: BiPO4 crystals. We reveal that spectral-temporal profile interaction of hybrid signals (coexisting fluorescence and spontaneous four-wave mixing) are dressed by nested and cascade processes of two-photons (two-phonon). Such interaction comes from thermal phonon constructive and phase transition phonon destructive dressing. The spectral and temporal (profile) interactions are interrelated and reduced by about 2-times due to two-photon nested dressing in contrast to the interaction through the sum of each laser excitation. In contrast to a single laser, spectral (Fano)-dip interaction reduces by 2-times due to two-photon destructive dressing coupling. Moreover, thermal phonon dressing at 300 K exhibits 3-times more extensive temporal interaction than that at 77 K. The phase transition phonon dressing for a half hexagonal and half low-temperature monoclinic phase is about 1.5-times longer than that of the pure hexagonal phase of Eu3+: BiPO4. These results may help to understand the spectral-temporal relationship in the fields of nonlinear and quantum optics.
Abstract We study the Fano interference from different phase transitions of Eu3+:YPO4 and Pr3+:YPO4 crystals through simultaneous detection of bright and dark states. For this study, we employed tetragonal (T), hexahedral (H), and (H + T)-phases of YPO4 crystals. The Fano interfering bright and dark states are classified based on dressed spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing, dressed multi-order fluorescence, and hybrid signal regimes. Further, the Fano interference between conti-nuous and discrete states can be controlled from partly-(constructive–destructive)-interference through a phase transition, nonlinear phase, and dressing. The (H + T)-phase Pr3+:YPO4 suggests more obvious Fano interference in contrast to T- or H-phase Pr3+:YPO4. We report that the Pr3+:YPO4 and Eu3+:YPO4 demonstrates the dressed multi-level- and dressed single-level Fano interference, respectively, with further three types of Fano interference that can be distinguished at different time delays. The experimental measurement agrees with theoretical simulations. Such results may be used for the design of new types of quantum electronic or spintronic devices such as Fano-transistors.