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Engineering Research Express

Tunable hybrid spectral filter and time-division multiplexing of second-order fluorescence controlled by phonon and dressing on Pr 3+ :YSO

Al Imran, Irfan Ahmed, Faizan Raza, Feng Yuan, Abubakkar Khan, Ruimin Wang, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Oct 31, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Atom-like nonlinear responses of rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Pr 3+ : YSO) exhibit unique features compared with other nonlinear crystals. The responses become more interesting, while Pr 3+ : YSO is modulated simultaneously by temperature and multi-parameters related to dressed state. The generations of Stokes and fluorescence (FL) signals are demonstrated in both time and spectral domains. Here, we are presenting a new controlling strategy by interaction between dressing and phonon on Pr 3+ : YSO to manipulate the intensity of Stokes and FL signals. Interaction between dressing and phonon leads to more stable nonlinear response of the YSO crystal, which is very important for integrated quantum photonic device stability and multi-functionality. Also, we have realized tunable hybrid spectral filter (narrow-band pass notch filter (NBPNF), narrow-band stop notch filter (NBSNF)) and time-division multiplexing router on Pr 3+ : YSO by controlling the interaction between dressing and phonons. Tunable hybrid spectral filter and pure NBPNF are realized from dressing dip of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting and spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Also, time-division multiplexing router is realized by time-domain adiabatic expansion. Furthermore, optical switch between tunable hybrid spectral filter to pure NBPNF is realized from dressing dip (AT splitting) to spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Our experimental results suggests advanced technique for realizing tunable hybrid spectral filter with a contrast of about 98%, and optical time-division multiplexing router with channel equalization is about 85%.

DOI
10.1088/2631-8695/ab5341

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Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Apr 23, 2020•4 citations
Abstract Atom-like nonlinear responses of rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Pr 3+ : YSO) exhibit unique features compared with other nonlinear crystals. The responses become more interesting, while Pr 3+ : YSO is modulated simultaneously by temperature and multi-parameters related to dressed state. The generations of Stokes and fluorescence (FL) signals are demonstrated in both time and spectral domains. Here, we are presenting a new controlling strategy by interaction between dressing and phonon on Pr 3+ : YSO to manipulate the intensity of Stokes and FL signals. Interaction between dressing and phonon leads to more stable nonlinear response of the YSO crystal, which is very important for integrated quantum photonic device stability and multi-functionality. Also, we have realized tunable hybrid spectral filter (narrow-band pass notch filter (NBPNF), narrow-band stop notch filter (NBSNF)) and time-division multiplexing router on Pr 3+ : YSO by controlling the interaction between dressing and phonons. Tunable hybrid spectral filter and pure NBPNF are realized from dressing dip of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting and spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Also, time-division multiplexing router is realized by time-domain adiabatic expansion. Furthermore, optical switch between tunable hybrid spectral filter to pure NBPNF is realized from dressing dip (AT splitting) to spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Our experimental results suggests advanced technique for realizing tunable hybrid spectral filter with a contrast of about 98%, and optical time-division multiplexing router with channel equalization is about 85%.
For first time, we study primary and secondary Autler-Townes (AT) splitting of multi-order fluorescence (FL) in time domain. The AT-splitting of multi-order FL signals are controlled by changing power, detuning, and polarization of single and double dressing in a heteronuclear-like molecule system of Pr+3:YSO. The primary and secondary AT-splitting is caused by double cascaded dressing in time domain. The AT-splitting of multi-order FL in time domain is more sensitive than that of in spectral domain. Such results have potential applications in quantum communication and optical information processing on photonic chip.
Polarization-dressed time-delayed fluorescence (FL) processes in Pr3+:YSO crystal are investigated experimentally. By changing the polarization of the incident beam, the double-dressing effect and the time delay of the second- and fourth-order FL processes can be controlled. Furthermore, the total evolution of the temporal FL signals with different incident beam intensities is observed. The two split peaks of FL in time domain are suppressed by the polarized dressing field. The switch of the suppressed dip and the enhanced peak at different time positions has also been studied. In addition, the evolution of the FL spectral signal at the adiabatic population transition stage, the build time, and the decay time of temporal FL signal with varied incident beam polarizations are also investigated. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication on photonic chips.
We study the realization of an optical transistor (switch and amplifier) and router in multi-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM). We estimate that the switching speed is about 15 ns. The router action results from the Autler-Townes splitting in spectral or time domain. The switch and amplifier are realized by dressing suppression and enhancement in FL and SP-FWM. The optical transistor and router can be controlled by multi-parameters (i.e., power, detuning, or polarization).
We investigate the effect of single dressing and double dressing on fourth-order fluorescence (FL) and spontaneous four-wave mixing. The single dressing effect changes to a double dressing effect as we change the detuning (power) of the input beam from off-resonant (low power) to resonant point (high power). We also demonstrate the spectral and temporal nature of fourth-order FL and its Autler–Townes splitting caused by the competition of the phonon effect (at different temperatures) with a single and double dressed state in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. To further explore the competition between the phonon and dressing effects, we investigated intensity-noise correlation of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing at 110 K. Our results demonstrate the dependency of YSO crystal on temperature, detuning, and power, which can be controlled by the competition between a phonon with single and double dressing.
Abstract Rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 has unique features, whose nonlinear response is dynamically triggered and modulated by the interaction between dressing and phonon effect. In this article, we have demonstrated the switching from two-mode bunching to anti-bunching like phenomenon of noise intensity fluctuations used for noise correlation. Here, switching in bunching phenomenon is caused by relative nonlinear phase, which is induced by self- and cross-phase modulation. In contrast with two-mode bunching, three-mode bunching case hardly follows the switching mechanism attributed to the destructive interaction among the phases of Stokes, anti-Stokes and FL signals. We also have realized switching and routing application in two and three mode bunching. Both functions (switching and routing) are controlled by manipulating temperature of cryostat and gate delay. Our experimental results provide the novel technique for switching and channel equalization ratio of about 96%. The intensity switching speed is achieved about 17 ns.
We report the spectral and temporal nature of different phases of europium-doped YPO (Eu 3+ : YPO 4 ) and praseodymium-doped YPO (Pr 3+ : YPO 4 ) crystals. We investigate the change in the dressing effect by shifting the energy levels causing change in line-shape and resolution of the output spectral signal when we employ the hexagonal (H), tetragonal (T), and mixed phase of H and T with different proportions. Further, we propose a tunable spectral filter (narrow bandpass notch filter and bandstop filter) by controlling the dressed phases of Eu 3+ : YPO 4 . The high-resolution dressing peak suggests the realization of the tunable spectral filter with bandwidth contrast of about 93%.