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Physica Scripta

Temperature switch and router of two and three-mode noise correlation in Pr 3+ :YSO crystal

Al Imran, Irfan Ahmed, Faizan Raza, Yiming Li, Abubakkar Khan, Habib Ullah, Yanpeng Zhang

Published Aug 8, 2019• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 has unique features, whose nonlinear response is dynamically triggered and modulated by the interaction between dressing and phonon effect. In this article, we have demonstrated the switching from two-mode bunching to anti-bunching like phenomenon of noise intensity fluctuations used for noise correlation. Here, switching in bunching phenomenon is caused by relative nonlinear phase, which is induced by self- and cross-phase modulation. In contrast with two-mode bunching, three-mode bunching case hardly follows the switching mechanism attributed to the destructive interaction among the phases of Stokes, anti-Stokes and FL signals. We also have realized switching and routing application in two and three mode bunching. Both functions (switching and routing) are controlled by manipulating temperature of cryostat and gate delay. Our experimental results provide the novel technique for switching and channel equalization ratio of about 96%. The intensity switching speed is achieved about 17 ns.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ab399b

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Scientific Reports•May 5, 2017•2 citations
Abstract Rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 has unique features, whose nonlinear response is dynamically triggered and modulated by the interaction between dressing and phonon effect. In this article, we have demonstrated the switching from two-mode bunching to anti-bunching like phenomenon of noise intensity fluctuations used for noise correlation. Here, switching in bunching phenomenon is caused by relative nonlinear phase, which is induced by self- and cross-phase modulation. In contrast with two-mode bunching, three-mode bunching case hardly follows the switching mechanism attributed to the destructive interaction among the phases of Stokes, anti-Stokes and FL signals. We also have realized switching and routing application in two and three mode bunching. Both functions (switching and routing) are controlled by manipulating temperature of cryostat and gate delay. Our experimental results provide the novel technique for switching and channel equalization ratio of about 96%. The intensity switching speed is achieved about 17 ns.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate that the intensity noise correlation and the noise level of intensity-difference and intensity-sum in Stokes and anti-Stokes channel can be well controlled by the relative nonlinear phase in spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing process. By modulating the relative nonlinear phase, including self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation, switching the correlation into anti-correlation and the relative intensity noise level between the intensity-difference and intensity-sum are realized. We also show that the variation tendencies of the relative intensity noise level and the corresponding intensity fluctuations correlation are in accordance with each other.
Abstract We investigate the coexisting of two-mode and three-mode bunching in the intensity noise correlation by generating multi-order fluorescence from pseudo-thermal light source at low temperature using the Nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. The coexisting mechanism suggests that three-mode bunching is overlapped with two-mode bunching via path indistinguishability, which can be further decomposed into multiple lower order correlation through path distinguishable offset. Moreover, the contribution from two-mode bunching in third order intensity noise correlation function is twice with respect to three-mode bunching. We demonstrate the interference among two- and three-mode bunching by controlling the time offset and dressing the slow light to realize multi-channel optical routing. Our experimental results suggest the advance technique of peak division and channel equalization ratio of about 95%, applicable to all multi-channel optical routing. The switching speed between two channels is about 20 ns.
Abstract Atom-like nonlinear responses of rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Pr 3+ : YSO) exhibit unique features compared with other nonlinear crystals. The responses become more interesting, while Pr 3+ : YSO is modulated simultaneously by temperature and multi-parameters related to dressed state. The generations of Stokes and fluorescence (FL) signals are demonstrated in both time and spectral domains. Here, we are presenting a new controlling strategy by interaction between dressing and phonon on Pr 3+ : YSO to manipulate the intensity of Stokes and FL signals. Interaction between dressing and phonon leads to more stable nonlinear response of the YSO crystal, which is very important for integrated quantum photonic device stability and multi-functionality. Also, we have realized tunable hybrid spectral filter (narrow-band pass notch filter (NBPNF), narrow-band stop notch filter (NBSNF)) and time-division multiplexing router on Pr 3+ : YSO by controlling the interaction between dressing and phonons. Tunable hybrid spectral filter and pure NBPNF are realized from dressing dip of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting and spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Also, time-division multiplexing router is realized by time-domain adiabatic expansion. Furthermore, optical switch between tunable hybrid spectral filter to pure NBPNF is realized from dressing dip (AT splitting) to spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Our experimental results suggests advanced technique for realizing tunable hybrid spectral filter with a contrast of about 98%, and optical time-division multiplexing router with channel equalization is about 85%.
We realized an optical transistor and router utilizing multi-order fluorescence and spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing. Specifically, the optical routing action was derived from the results of splitting in the intensity signal due to a dressing effect, whereas the transistor as a switch and amplifier was realized by a switching correlation and squeezing via a nonlinear phase. A substantial enhancement of the optical contrast was observed for switching applications using correlation and squeezing contrary to the intensity signal. Moreover, the controlling parameters were also configured to devise a control mechanism for the optical transistor and router.
We report dressed intensity noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing based on spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) in Pr³⁺:Y₂SiO₅ crystal both experimentally and theoretically. We found such intensity noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing can be controlled by using the dressing effect to manipulate the nonlinear optical coefficient of the SP-FWM process. By changing detuning and power of the optical field, we manipulate the nonlinear optical coefficient of the SP-FWM process, thus control the correlation and squeezing. The results show stronger correlation and squeezing with single dressing, while weaker near the resonant point due to destructive double dressing. Furthermore,we observed the dependence of correlation times on the power of dressing field, and explained by the combination of the dressing effect and induced dipole-dipole interaction. We also showed the fourth-order fluorescence signals accompanying with the SP-FWM process.
Abstract We report the generation of three-mode hybrid intensity-noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) and fourth-order fluorescence (FL) signals in the heteronuclear-like (three-level Λ-type) molecular structure of a Pr3+:Y2SiO5 (Pr3+:YSO) crystal using the nonlinear cross-Kerr effect under a polarized dressing effect. In the semi-classical view of a Kerr nonlinear medium, the amplitude of two-mode hybrid correlations of this kind is subject to a limit determined by the hybrid maximally entangled state. Whereas the degree of correlation and squeezing is determined by the dressing effects of the input laser fields participating in the SP-FWM process. We also find that the variations in magnitude of three-mode hybrid intensity-noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing are consistent with nonlinear cross-Kerr processes. Such a three-mode hybrid signal may have potential applications in long-distance communication, dense coding, all-optical communication and quantum storage on photonic chips.