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Physica Scripta

Switching of enhancement and suppression in dressed Eu 3+ : YPO 4 and Pr 3+ :YPO 4

Faizan Raza, Fahad Nawaz, Anas Mujahid, Muhammad Asim, Jinyang Li, Yanpeng Zhang

Published May 18, 2020• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We investigated the evolution of spectral intensity of the composite signal (Stokes ( E S ) + fluorescence (FL)) by varying time delay in different phases (tetragonal (T), hexagonal (H), (T + H) and (H + T)) of Eu 3+ :YPO 4 and Pr 3+ :YPO 4 . In a composite signal, there exists a competition between FL and E S that can be modulated through dressing effect. We observed that dressing effect has strong dependence on dipole moment, transition probability and phase symmetry of atomic like media. The dressing suppression dip in H- and T-phase YPO 4 is relatively weaker than mixed (H + T)-phase YPO, while the dressing effect is weaker in Eu 3+ :YPO 4 as compared to Pr 3+ :YPO 4 . By adjusting the time delay, FL signal can be switched from suppression dip to enhancement peak and vice versa. Further, we explored intensity-difference squeezing and intensity-noise correlation between composite signal (FL + E S ) and anti-Stokes under nonlinear phase modulated by time delay. Based on our spectral intensity results, we realized the model of dressing based switch.

DOI
10.1088/1402-4896/ab93e6

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Abstract We investigated the evolution of spectral intensity of the composite signal (Stokes ( E S ) + fluorescence (FL)) by varying time delay in different phases (tetragonal (T), hexagonal (H), (T + H) and (H + T)) of Eu 3+ :YPO 4 and Pr 3+ :YPO 4 . In a composite signal, there exists a competition between FL and E S that can be modulated through dressing effect. We observed that dressing effect has strong dependence on dipole moment, transition probability and phase symmetry of atomic like media. The dressing suppression dip in H- and T-phase YPO 4 is relatively weaker than mixed (H + T)-phase YPO, while the dressing effect is weaker in Eu 3+ :YPO 4 as compared to Pr 3+ :YPO 4 . By adjusting the time delay, FL signal can be switched from suppression dip to enhancement peak and vice versa. Further, we explored intensity-difference squeezing and intensity-noise correlation between composite signal (FL + E S ) and anti-Stokes under nonlinear phase modulated by time delay. Based on our spectral intensity results, we realized the model of dressing based switch.
We report the spectral and temporal nature of different phases of europium-doped YPO (Eu 3+ : YPO 4 ) and praseodymium-doped YPO (Pr 3+ : YPO 4 ) crystals. We investigate the change in the dressing effect by shifting the energy levels causing change in line-shape and resolution of the output spectral signal when we employ the hexagonal (H), tetragonal (T), and mixed phase of H and T with different proportions. Further, we propose a tunable spectral filter (narrow bandpass notch filter and bandstop filter) by controlling the dressed phases of Eu 3+ : YPO 4 . The high-resolution dressing peak suggests the realization of the tunable spectral filter with bandwidth contrast of about 93%.
We report the symmetry-dependent intensity–noise correlation and the intensity-difference squeezing of spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) and fluorescence (FL) hybrid signals from the different phases [hexagonal (H) + tetragonal (T), T + H] of Pr3+: YPO4 and Eu3+: YPO4 crystals. The competition between FL and SP-FWM in hybrid signals determines the amplitude and hybrid line shape of the two-mode and three-mode correlation. The correlation amplitude switches from positive to negative due to strong double dressing caused by a high transition probability and a dipole moment of the (more H + less T)-phase of Pr3+: YPO4. This switching phenomenon is used to realize a metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor-based logic inverter. Furthermore, the line shape of correlation changes from broad to sharp due to weak dressing, transition probability, and a low dipole moment of the (more T + less H)-phase of Pr3+: YPO4. Based on these results, we proposed the model of a tunable correlation filter. Gate position, frequency detuning, and laser power control the amplitude and hybrid line shape. Our experimental results provide an advanced technique of bandwidth contrast of about 0.9%. Such notch filters have potential applications in quantum communications.
Polarization-dressed time-delayed fluorescence (FL) processes in Pr3+:YSO crystal are investigated experimentally. By changing the polarization of the incident beam, the double-dressing effect and the time delay of the second- and fourth-order FL processes can be controlled. Furthermore, the total evolution of the temporal FL signals with different incident beam intensities is observed. The two split peaks of FL in time domain are suppressed by the polarized dressing field. The switch of the suppressed dip and the enhanced peak at different time positions has also been studied. In addition, the evolution of the FL spectral signal at the adiabatic population transition stage, the build time, and the decay time of temporal FL signal with varied incident beam polarizations are also investigated. Such results can find potential applications in all-optical communication on photonic chips.
Abstract Atom-like nonlinear responses of rare earth doped crystal Pr 3+ :Y 2 SiO 5 (Pr 3+ : YSO) exhibit unique features compared with other nonlinear crystals. The responses become more interesting, while Pr 3+ : YSO is modulated simultaneously by temperature and multi-parameters related to dressed state. The generations of Stokes and fluorescence (FL) signals are demonstrated in both time and spectral domains. Here, we are presenting a new controlling strategy by interaction between dressing and phonon on Pr 3+ : YSO to manipulate the intensity of Stokes and FL signals. Interaction between dressing and phonon leads to more stable nonlinear response of the YSO crystal, which is very important for integrated quantum photonic device stability and multi-functionality. Also, we have realized tunable hybrid spectral filter (narrow-band pass notch filter (NBPNF), narrow-band stop notch filter (NBSNF)) and time-division multiplexing router on Pr 3+ : YSO by controlling the interaction between dressing and phonons. Tunable hybrid spectral filter and pure NBPNF are realized from dressing dip of Autler-Townes (AT) splitting and spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Also, time-division multiplexing router is realized by time-domain adiabatic expansion. Furthermore, optical switch between tunable hybrid spectral filter to pure NBPNF is realized from dressing dip (AT splitting) to spectral intensity Stokes emission peak. Our experimental results suggests advanced technique for realizing tunable hybrid spectral filter with a contrast of about 98%, and optical time-division multiplexing router with channel equalization is about 85%.
We report dressed intensity noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing based on spontaneous parametric four-wave mixing (SP-FWM) in Pr³⁺:Y₂SiO₅ crystal both experimentally and theoretically. We found such intensity noise correlation and intensity-difference squeezing can be controlled by using the dressing effect to manipulate the nonlinear optical coefficient of the SP-FWM process. By changing detuning and power of the optical field, we manipulate the nonlinear optical coefficient of the SP-FWM process, thus control the correlation and squeezing. The results show stronger correlation and squeezing with single dressing, while weaker near the resonant point due to destructive double dressing. Furthermore,we observed the dependence of correlation times on the power of dressing field, and explained by the combination of the dressing effect and induced dipole-dipole interaction. We also showed the fourth-order fluorescence signals accompanying with the SP-FWM process.
We report the experimental observation of the intensity noise correlation and squeezing between counter propagating Stokes and anti-Stokes signals in Pr(3+):Y2SiO5 crystals. Both the degree of correlation and squeezing as well as the oscillation frequency of correlation curves are modulated by changing the polarization states and powers of the dressing fields. The double-dressed effect and the triple-dressed effect in V-type three-level, Λ-type three-level and N-type four-level systems are compared. The polarization and power dependencies in these systems are different, and the oscillation frequency of the correlation curve in the triple-dressed process is greater than that of the double-dressed process. Our results show that the correlation and squeezing of photon pairs can be controlled via polarized dark states.