Advances in information security, privacy, and ethics book series

LFSR-Keyed MUX for Random Number Generation in Nano Communication Using QCA

Padmapriya Praveenkumar, Santhiya Devi R., Rengarajan Amirtharajan, John Bosco Balaguru Rayappan

Published Jan 1, 2020• 0 citations

Abstract

Nano industries have been successful trendsetters for the past 30 years, in escalating the speed and dropping the power necessities of nanoelectronic devices. According to Moore's law and the assessment created by the international technology roadmap for semiconductors, beyond 2020, there will be considerable restrictions in manufacturing IC's based on CMOS technologies. As a result, the next prototype to get over these effects is quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). In this chapter, an efficient quantum cellular automata (QCA) based random number generator (RNG) is proposed. QCA is an innovative technology in the nano regime which guarantees large device density, less power dissipation, and minimal size as compared to the various CMOS technologies. With the aim to maximise the randomness in the proposed nano communication, a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) keyed multiplexer with ring oscillators is developed. The developed RNG is simulated using a quantum cellular automata (QCA) simulator tool.

DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-2253-0.ch004

Related papers

A review on quantum utility for secure authentication protocol towards cryptographic standard in quantum dot cellular automata

Suparba Tapna, Kisalaya Chakrabarti, Debarka Mukhopadhyay

QCA, which stands for Quantum Dot-Cellular Automata, is a nanotechnology model that offers an alternative solution to the widely used CMOS technology. Unlike CMOS, QCA is a semiconductor-less technology that transmits information based on the charge of electrons and the electrostatic repulsion between them. This technology provides several advantages over CMOS, including higher device density, faster switching speed, and lower power consumption. When it comes to cryptographic applications, QCA circuits can be extremely useful. Both encryption and decryption processes can be implemented using logic circuits based on QCA. The research paper describes a basic method for generating ciphertext in QCA, which is useful in secure nano communication based on QCA. The paper discusses how to achieve secure authentication in encrypted communication using QCA. To evaluate the performance and test the proposed method, the researchers used the QCA Designer-2.0.3 tool. This is a software tool specifically designed for designing and simulating QCA circuits. It enables researchers to model and analyze the behavior of QCA-based systems, allowing them to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of their proposed encryption technique. Overall, the research paper aims to present a secure encryption method using QCA and demonstrates its implementation and testing using the QCA Designer-2.0.3 tool. By leveraging the unique properties of QCA, such as high device density and low power consumption, the researchers aim to provide a novel approach for secure nano communication and cryptographic applications.

Journal of Discrete Mathematical Sciences and CryptographyJan 1, 20240 citations

A Novel Design of a Random Generator Circuit in QCA

Keikha Andisheh, Chitra Dadkhah, Tehrani Mohammad +1 more

CMOS miniaturization limits have improved research on other advanced alternative technologies. Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) is a nanometer scale technology that is one of these alternatives. Two principals have been introducedin the concept of Random Number Generator which are related to some physical occurrences or computational algorithms. In this paper we introduce a QCA circuit which is the first true random generator.

International Journal of Computer ApplicationsDec 28, 20119 citations

LFSR based RNG on low cost FPGA for QKD applications

Pooja Chandravanshi, J. K. Meka, Vardaan Mongia +2 more

Linear-feedback shift register (LFSR) based pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) has applications in a plethora of fields. The issue of being linear is generally circumvented by introducing non-linearities as per the required applications, with some being adhoc but fulfilling the purpose while others with a theoretical proof. The goal of this study is to develop a sufficiently ``random" resource for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) applications with a low computational cost. However, as a byproduct, we have also studied the effect of introducing minimum non-linearity with experimental verification. Starting from the numerical implementation to generate a random sequence, we have implemented a XOR of two LFSR sequences on a low-cost FPGA evaluation board with one of the direct use cases in QKD protocols. Such rigorously tested random numbers could also be used like artificial neural networks or testing of circuits for integrated chips and directly for encryption for wireless technologies.

arXiv:2307.16431Jul 31, 20234 citations

A Novel Approach for Implementing LFSRs Using QCA Technology

C. Manikandan, C. Veda Vardhan, L. Sai Rishitha +5 more

Quantum random number generators have attracted the research community for providing secure communication. This paper presents a novel Quantum LFSR, designed using the novel construction of D-Flip-Flop (DFF) and XOR gates in QCA. The suggested Quantum LFSR comprises 216 cells with an area of 0.23μm2 and the total power dissipation is 0.31442 eV, 0.41729 eV, and 0.54389 eVat different standard tunnelling energy levels. The power parameters are analysed using QCA Pro, and the calculated outcomes show that the Quantum LFSR has low power consumption and reduced footprint compared to conventional designs.

International Conference on Vision Towards Emerging Trends in Communication and Networking (ViTECoN)May 5, 20232 citations

Design and Implementation of Multi-operative Reversible Gate for Even/Odd Parity Generators in Quantum based Technologies

Puspak Pain, Arindam Sadhu, Kunal Das +1 more

Quantum technology is graciously budding in nano-communication due to its properties and logical function, having the momentous prosperity of being reversible. It has gained an appeal to future-generation research owing to those sole aspects that may not be explored in the classical realm. A reliable nano-communication system utilizes varied error detection and correction techniques. Beyond low device density, authentic random number generation is a crucial issue in the cryptographic aspects of future communication architecture. To our knowledge, this is the innate study of an intriguing prospect: the design and implementation based on the lower level of power 'even/odd parity generator' using a single multi-operative reversible gate that has been achieved and functionally authenticated in the QCA nanotechnology, likewise in the IBMQ experience allied to quantum-based technologies. This breakthrough in nanotechnology and quantum-based technologies could have significant implications for blooming more efficient, secure communication systems in post-quantum cryptography.

Journal of Computers Mechanical and ManagementSep 5, 20235 citations

Software Platform for Hybrid Pseudo-Random Sequence Generation and Predictability Analysis Based on LFSR and Mersenne Twister

Ali Abdolrahimi Zarnagh, Ali Motazedifard

Generating reliable random and pseudo-random sequences is important in many electronic and signal processing systems, such as secure communications, radar, spread-spectrum methods, and autonomous platforms. Although true and quantum random number generators provide stronger unpredictability, classical pseudo-random number generators, including Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) and the Mersenne Twister (MT), are still widely used because they are efficient and easy to implement. This work introduces a user-friendly software platform for generating, analyzing, and evaluating the predictability of pseudo-random bit sequences. The software supports two main functions: generating sequences using classical PRNGs and hybrid combinations, and analyzing input sequences through statistical measures and data-driven methods. In particular, hybrid LFSR-MT structures are studied to examine how they affect sequence complexity and resistance to prediction. The platform also includes machine-learning and deep-learning tools to investigate when deterministic PRNGs may remain partially predictable, even when their structure becomes more complex. The results show that algorithmic random sequence generators have inherent limitations in terms of unpredictability, which supports the use of quantum random sequences in security-critical applications. A comparative study between classical LFSR-MT sequences and quantum random sequences shows that quantum randomness offers higher unpredictability due to its non-deterministic physical origin. The potential use of quantum random sequences in jamming applications is also discussed, highlighting their improved robustness against prediction-based attacks. Overall, the proposed software provides a practical tool for analyzing, comparing, and benchmarking random sequence generators in modern electronic, sensing, and quantum-enabled communication systems.

quant-pharXiv:2605.30977Jun 1, 2026