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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Engineered Dissipation as Your Side-kick: A Hybrid Scheme for Quantum Error Correction

Lasse Bjørn Kristensen, Morten Kjærgaard, Christian Kraglund Andersen, Nikolaj Thomas Zinner

Published Mar 5, 2019• 0 citations
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Quantum Error Correction: Noise-Adapted Techniques and Applications

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arXiv:2208.00365•Journal of the Indian Institute of Science•Sep 7, 2022•33 citations
Noise and errors are inevitable parts of any practical implementation of a quantum computer. As a result, large-scale quantum computation will require ways to detect and correct errors in quantum information. Here we present such a quantum error-correcting scheme for correcting the dominant phase and decay errors in superconducting qubit architectures using a hybrid approach combining autonomous correction based on engineered dissipation with traditional measurement-based quantum error correction. Using numerical simulations with realistic device parameters for superconducting circuits, we show that this scheme can achieve a five- to tenfold increase in storage time while using only six qubits for the encoding and two ancillary qubits for the operation of the autonomous correction, providing a potentially large reduction of qubit overhead compared to typical measurement-based error-correction schemes. Furthermore, the scheme relies on standard interactions and qubit driving available in most major quantum computing platforms, making it implementable in a wide range of architectures.
We propose a novel measurement-free scheme for stabilizing a spin-oscillator hybrid qubit via autonomous quantum error correction. The engineered Lindbladian renders the code space into an attractive steady-state subspace, realized by coupling the storage mode to a rapidly cooled bath through a controlled beam-splitter and spin-dependent displacement interactions. The continuous variable-discrete variable hybrid approach to autonomous quantum error correction preserves the hardware efficiency of conventional dissipation engineering while simplifying the required system-bath coupling. The construction is compatible with simple logical gates and leverages primitives already demonstrated in experimental platforms, such as trapped-ion systems, suggesting a practical route to hardware-efficient, noise-biased logical qubits without repeated syndrome measurements and feedforward.
Dissipative quantum error correction (QEC) autonomously protects quantum information using engineered dissipation and offers a promising alternative to error correction via measurement and feedback. However, scalability remains a challenge, as correcting high-weight errors typically requires increasing dissipation rates and exponentially many correction operators. Here, we present a scalable dissipative QEC protocol for discrete-variable codes, correcting multi-qubit errors via a trickle-down mechanism that sequentially reduces errors weight. Our construction exploits redundancy in the Knill-Laflamme conditions to design correction operators that act on multiple error subspaces simultaneously, thereby reducing the overhead from exponential to polynomial in the number of required operators. We illustrate our approach with repetition codes under biased noise, showing a fourfold improvement in the exponential suppression factor at realistic physical error rates. Our approach connects autonomous QEC for discrete-variable codes with demonstrated dissipative protocols for bosonic codes and opens up new avenues for traditional measurement-feedback QEC and fault-tolerant quantum operations.