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arXiv:2202.05280 · Nature Reviews Physics

Engineered dissipation for quantum information science

P. M. Harrington, Erich J. Mueller, Kater W. Murch

Published Aug 18, 2022• 232 citations
arXivHTMLPDF
DOI
10.1038/s42254-022-00494-8

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A growing research community spanning quantum batteries, molecular and excitonic energy transport, polaritonics, quantum materials and nuclear control has begun to describe its work in terms of quantum energy or quantum energy science. What connects these otherwise disparate efforts is the deliberate use of quantum states, couplings, collective effects and engineered environments to control energetic states and pathways. A key difference from quantum information science is that the complete quantum state does not always need to be preserved; engineered dissipation or dephasing can even improve the desired outcome. We organize this emerging domain through a framework that connects mechanisms, functions, capabilities, and applications. We identify five elementary functions (Excite, Hold, Release, Transfer, and Transform) and examine the mechanisms that implement them. The same functions recur from the molecular to the nuclear scale, although their relative implementation difficulty can differ sharply. Moving toward technology, we highlight three engineering capabilities (Storage, Routing, and Conversion) through the performance metrics that matter for their applications. Stretch scenarios illustrate what performance targets could make these capabilities technologically consequential.
Controlling the spread of correlations in quantum many-body systems is a key challenge at the heart of quantum science and technology. Correlations are usually destroyed by dissipation arising from coupling between a system and its environment. Here, we show that dissipation can instead be used to engineer a wide variety of spatiotemporal correlation profiles in an easily tunable manner. We describe how dissipation with any translationally invariant spatial profile can be realized in cold atoms trapped in an optical cavity. A uniform external field and the choice of spatial profile can be used to design when and how dissipation creates or destroys correlations. We demonstrate this control by generating entanglement preferentially sensitive to a desired spatial component of a magnetic field. We thus establish nonlocal dissipation as a route toward engineering the far-from-equilibrium dynamics of quantum information, with potential applications in quantum metrology, state preparation, and transport.