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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Experimental Realization of Superabsorption by Phase-Correlated Atoms in a Cavity

Kyungwon An

Published Jul 1, 2019• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Experimental realization of superabsorption by using a time-reversed process of coherent superradiance is presented. Phase-correlated atoms in the same superposition state were prepared by using a nanohole array atomic beam aperture placed in front of a high-Q cavity. The time reversal was then achieved by preparing the phase of the superposition state of atoms opposite to that of the atoms which would generate the coherent superradiance with its phase the same as that of an input field. The intracavity field was depleted by superabsorption much faster than by the ordinary ground-state absorption. We experimentally observed that the maximum number of photons completely absorbed for a given time interval was proportional to N2in contrast to the ordinary absorption proportional to N, the number of atoms in the cavity.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2019.8840275

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Experimental realization of superabsorption by using a time-reversed process of coherent superradiance is presented. Phase-correlated atoms in the same superposition state were prepared by using a nanohole array atomic beam aperture placed in front of a high-Q cavity. The time reversal was then achieved by preparing the phase of the superposition state of atoms opposite to that of the atoms which would generate the coherent superradiance with its phase the same as that of an input field. The intracavity field was depleted by superabsorption much faster than by the ordinary ground-state absorption. We experimentally observed that the maximum number of photons completely absorbed for a given time interval was proportional to N2in contrast to the ordinary absorption proportional to N, the number of atoms in the cavity.
We report experimental realization of superabsorption as a time reversed process of superradiance. We utilize the single-atom superradiance experimental setup based on the cavity-QED microlaser, where two-level atoms prepared in the same superposition state traverse a high-Q cavity one by one. Without an input field to the cavity, the system generates a superradiant output field with a phase determined by that of the atomic superposition state. By injecting an input field to the cavity whose phase is opposite to that of the superradiant field that atoms would emit without the input field, we can then reverse the superradiance process to realize superabsorption. In our experiment, the number of photons completely absorbed during a fixed time interval was proportional to the square of the number of atoms in the cavity. The latest experimental data and analysis will be presented.
In this work we will deal with the effects of a coherent electromagnetic field acting on an atomic dipole gas confined to a cavity.It is known from ( 5) that in such conditions, if we a have moderately dense sample of N 2-level atoms, we can observe the presence of superradiance, i.e., the enhanced emission of a coherent pulse of intensity proportional to N 2 and, in a smaller scale, the enhanced absorption as well ( 14).When coupling this sample to a quantum electromagnetic field via Tavis-Cummings interaction we are able to enhance even more the superabsorption as well as the superemission to a lesser degree in such a way as to almost equate the intensities of both processes and give rise to interleaved oscillations between them in both field and sample resulting in the phenomenon of many-body Rabi oscillations described in (1).However, it is to expect that, due to momentum conservation, such a phenomenon would cause a deflection on the atoms of the sample in a small time interval, after which we would have a mesoscopic superposition containing all the information related to the prior state.Our main goal is the study of the deflection suffered by the atoms of such a sample and how it relates to the state before the emission.We solve the time-dependent non-linear Hamiltonian related to the superradiant emission/superabsorption via the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant method.At the end we will show how the macroscopic states were prepared to obtain our results.
Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N(2). Structures that superradiate must also have enhanced absorption, but the former always dominates in natural systems. Here we show that this restriction can be overcome by combining several well-established quantum control techniques. Our analytical and numerical calculations show that superabsorption can then be achieved and sustained in certain simple nanostructures, by trapping the system in a highly excited state through transition rate engineering. This opens the prospect of a new class of quantum nanotechnology with potential applications including photon detection and light-based power transmission. An array of quantum dots or a molecular ring structure could provide a suitable platform for an experimental demonstration.
We present a protocol based on the interplay between superradiance and superabsorption to achieve the coherent deflection of an atomic sample due to the momentum transfer from the atoms to a cavity field. The coherent character of this momentum transfer, causing the atomic sample to deflect as a whole, follows from the collective nature of the atomic superradiant pulse and its superabsorption by the cavity field. The protocol is then used for the construction of positional mesoscopic atomic superpositions in cavity quantum electrodynamics.
The experimental success achieved in recent decades in the coherent manipulation of several Rabi cycles has led to a new stage in the physics of radiation-matter interaction. Motivated by this perspective, we propose here the engineering of coherent many-body Rabi oscillations (CMBROs) induced from the interactions of a moderately dense atomic sample with the environment and a high-finesse cavity mode. The CMBRO follows from the interplay between superradiance and superabsorption: the collective decay and absorption of the atomic sample inside the cavity. The equations we have derived for this interplay, based on the mean-field approximation, describe a two-level superradiant laser in an appropriate parameter regime, and its properties are also discussed. The control of quantum coherence according to the method presented here can be adapted to the implementation of quantum information processes as well as for the investigation of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.
The rate at which matter emits or absorbs light can be modified by its environment, as markedly exemplified by the widely studied phenomenon of superradiance. The reverse process, superabsorption, is harder to demonstrate because of the challenges of probing ultrafast processes and has only been seen for small numbers of atoms. Its central idea—superextensive scaling of absorption, meaning larger systems absorb faster—is also the key idea underpinning quantum batteries. Here, we implement experimentally a paradigmatic model of a quantum battery, constructed of a microcavity enclosing a molecular dye. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy allows us to observe charging dynamics at femtosecond resolution to demonstrate superextensive charging rates and storage capacity, in agreement with our theoretical modeling. We find that decoherence plays an important role in stabilizing energy storage. Our work opens future opportunities for harnessing collective effects in light-matter coupling for nanoscale energy capture, storage, and transport technologies.