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International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks

Superabsorption as a Time-Reversal of Superradiance

Kyungwon An

Published Jul 1, 2018• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report experimental realization of superabsorption as a time reversed process of superradiance. We utilize the single-atom superradiance experimental setup based on the cavity-QED microlaser, where two-level atoms prepared in the same superposition state traverse a high-Q cavity one by one. Without an input field to the cavity, the system generates a superradiant output field with a phase determined by that of the atomic superposition state. By injecting an input field to the cavity whose phase is opposite to that of the superradiant field that atoms would emit without the input field, we can then reverse the superradiance process to realize superabsorption. In our experiment, the number of photons completely absorbed during a fixed time interval was proportional to the square of the number of atoms in the cavity. The latest experimental data and analysis will be presented.

DOI
10.1109/icton.2018.8473779

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We report experimental realization of superabsorption as a time reversed process of superradiance. We utilize the single-atom superradiance experimental setup based on the cavity-QED microlaser, where two-level atoms prepared in the same superposition state traverse a high-Q cavity one by one. Without an input field to the cavity, the system generates a superradiant output field with a phase determined by that of the atomic superposition state. By injecting an input field to the cavity whose phase is opposite to that of the superradiant field that atoms would emit without the input field, we can then reverse the superradiance process to realize superabsorption. In our experiment, the number of photons completely absorbed during a fixed time interval was proportional to the square of the number of atoms in the cavity. The latest experimental data and analysis will be presented.
Experimental realization of superabsorption by using a time-reversed process of coherent superradiance is presented. Phase-correlated atoms in the same superposition state were prepared by using a nanohole array atomic beam aperture placed in front of a high-Q cavity. The time reversal was then achieved by preparing the phase of the superposition state of atoms opposite to that of the atoms which would generate the coherent superradiance with its phase the same as that of an input field. The intracavity field was depleted by superabsorption much faster than by the ordinary ground-state absorption. We experimentally observed that the maximum number of photons completely absorbed for a given time interval was proportional to N2in contrast to the ordinary absorption proportional to N, the number of atoms in the cavity.
In this work we will deal with the effects of a coherent electromagnetic field acting on an atomic dipole gas confined to a cavity.It is known from ( 5) that in such conditions, if we a have moderately dense sample of N 2-level atoms, we can observe the presence of superradiance, i.e., the enhanced emission of a coherent pulse of intensity proportional to N 2 and, in a smaller scale, the enhanced absorption as well ( 14).When coupling this sample to a quantum electromagnetic field via Tavis-Cummings interaction we are able to enhance even more the superabsorption as well as the superemission to a lesser degree in such a way as to almost equate the intensities of both processes and give rise to interleaved oscillations between them in both field and sample resulting in the phenomenon of many-body Rabi oscillations described in (1).However, it is to expect that, due to momentum conservation, such a phenomenon would cause a deflection on the atoms of the sample in a small time interval, after which we would have a mesoscopic superposition containing all the information related to the prior state.Our main goal is the study of the deflection suffered by the atoms of such a sample and how it relates to the state before the emission.We solve the time-dependent non-linear Hamiltonian related to the superradiant emission/superabsorption via the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant method.At the end we will show how the macroscopic states were prepared to obtain our results.
The recent single-atom microlaser experiment [K. An et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 3375 (1994)], in which a stream of inverted two-level atoms is injected into an ultrahigh QQQ cavity, can be understood in the context of a semiclassical four-level laser model. Transit time broadening due to short atom-cavity interaction time effectively introduces nonradiative decay of the two levels in the model. The steady-state solution of semiclassical photon and atom rate equations for the intracavity mean photon number versus the intracavity atom number provides a good fit to the experimental data.
A single two-level atom can be used to prepare an arbitrary photon number state (Fock state) in a high Q cavity . The atom undergoes a controlled succession of interactions with two cavity modes. One of them contains a coherent field. The atom transfers photons one by one from this field to the initially empty second mode. The scheme can be extended to prepare a quantum superposition of the vacuum with a Fock state, a highly non-classical situation. We discuss the feasibility of the experiment with our present Rydberg-atom cavity QED set-up.
Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N(2). Structures that superradiate must also have enhanced absorption, but the former always dominates in natural systems. Here we show that this restriction can be overcome by combining several well-established quantum control techniques. Our analytical and numerical calculations show that superabsorption can then be achieved and sustained in certain simple nanostructures, by trapping the system in a highly excited state through transition rate engineering. This opens the prospect of a new class of quantum nanotechnology with potential applications including photon detection and light-based power transmission. An array of quantum dots or a molecular ring structure could provide a suitable platform for an experimental demonstration.